a.
Adjustments in financial statements Case Study
Case Summary:
Several years ago, the brother opened MA Repairs with small initial investments. Later for the expansion, the brother submitted a loan application to the bank and included the most recent financial statements, prepared by the part time book keeper. After reviewing the financial statements the loan officer enquired whether accrual basis of accounting was used to record revenues and expenses; then the brother responded that they maintained the books of accounts as per accrual basis of accounting. Further the loan officer enquired whether or not the accounts were adjusted prior to the preparation of the statements. To this the brother replied a no; since the accounts had not been adjusted.
To explain: The reasons for which loan officer suspected that the accounts had not been adjusted prior to the preparation of the statements.
b.
To indicate: The possible accounts that might need to be adjusted.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 3 Solutions
Accounting (Text Only)
- Melody Lane Music Company was started by John Ross early in 2018. Initial capital was acquired by issuingshares of common stock to various investors and by obtaining a bank loan. The company operates a retail storethat sells records, tapes, and compact discs. Business was so good during the first year of operations that John isconsidering opening a second store on the other side of town. The funds necessary for expansion will come froma new bank loan. In order to approve the loan, the bank requires financial statements.John asks for your help in preparing the balance sheet and presents you with the following information for theyear ending December 31, 2018:a. Cash receipts consisted of the following:From customers $360,000From issue of common stock 100,000From bank loan 100,000b. Cash disbursements were as follows:Purchase of inventory $300,000Rent 15,000Salaries 30,000Utilities 5,000Insurance 3,000Purchase of equipment and furniture 40,000c. The bank loan was made on March 31, 2018. A…arrow_forwardDaryl Kirby opened Squid Realty Co. on January 1, 2018. At the end of the first year, the business needed additional capital. On behalf of Squid Realty Co., Daryl applied to Ocean National Bank for a loan of $375,000. Based on Squid Realty Co.’s financial statements, which had been prepared on a cash basis, the Ocean National Bank loan officer rejected the loan as too risky.After receiving the rejection notice, Daryl instructed his accountant to prepare the financial statements on an accrual basis. These statements included $65,000 in accounts receivable and $25,000 in accounts payable. Daryl then instructed his accountant to record an additional $30,000 of accounts receivable for commissions on property for which acontract had been signed on December 28, 2018. The title to the property is to transfer on January 5, 2019, when an attorney formally records the transfer of the property to the buyer.Daryl then applied for a $375,000 loan from Free Spirit Bank, using the revised financial…arrow_forwardBob Jacobs wishes to expand his business and has borrowed $100,000. As a condition for making this loan, the bank requires that the business maintain a current ratio of at least 1.50. Business has been good but not great. The expansion costs have brought the current ratio down to 1.20 in the middle of December. Bob, as the owner of the business, is considering what might happen if he reports a current ratio of 1.4 to the bank. One possible action for Bob is to record in December $10,000 of revenue that the business will earn in January of next year. He thinks this is doable because the contract for this job has been signed. Journalize the revenue transaction and indicate how recording this revenue in December would affect the current ratio. Discuss whether it is ethical to record the revenue transaction in December. Identify the accounting principle relevant to this situation. and give the reasons underlying your conclusion. Propose an ethical action for Bob Jacobs.arrow_forward
- During May, Peyton entered into the following transactions:May 1. Peyton Sawyer made an additional investment in Tree Hill Music by depositing RM5,000 in Tree Hill Music's current account.1. Instead of continuing to share office space with a local real estate agency, Peyton decided to rent office space near a local music store. Paid rent for May, RM1,750.1. Paid a premium of RM2,700 for a comprehensive insurance policy covering liability, theft, and fire. The policy covers a one-year period.2. Received RM1,000 cash from customers on account.3. On behalf of Tree Hill Music, Peyton signed a contract with a local radio station, KXMD, for the next three months. The contract requires Tree Hill Music to provide a guest DJ for 80 hours per month for a monthly fee of RM3,600. Any additional hours beyond 80 will be billed to KXMD at RM40 per hour. In accordance with the contract, Peyton received RM7,200 from KXMD as an advance payment for the first two months.3. Paid RM250 to creditors on…arrow_forwardDaryl Kirby opened Squid Realty Co. on January 1, 2015. At the end of the first year, the business needed additional capital. On behalf of Squid Realty Co., Daryl applied to Ocean National Bank for a loan of $375,000. Based on Squid Realty Co.'s financial statements, which had been prepared on a cash basis, the Ocean National Bank loan officer rejected the loan as too risky. After receiving the rejection notice, Daryl instructed his accountant to prepare the financial statements on an accrual basis. These statements included $65,000 in accounts receivable and $25,000 in accounts payable. Daryl then instructed his accountant to record an additional $30,000 of accounts receivable for commissions on property for which a contract had been signed on December 28, 2015. The title to the property is to transfer on January 5, 2016, when an attorney formally records the transfer of the property to the buyer. Daryl then applied for a $375,000 loan from Free Spirit Bank, using the revised…arrow_forwardJim Sandrolini is an accountant for a local manufacturing company. Jim's good friend, Dan Carruthers, has been operating a retail spporting goods store for about a year. The store has been moderately successful, and Dan needs a bank loan to help finance the next stage of his store's growth. He has asked Jim to prepare financial statements that the banker will use to help decide whether to grant the loan. Dan has proposed that the fee he will pay for Jim's accounting work should be contingent upon his receiving the loan. Required: What factors should Jim consider when making his decision about whether to prepare the financial statements for Dan's store?arrow_forward
- State whether there is an increase, decrease, or no entry for the following transactions, using the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity): Question: a) Jess signs a lease agreement to rent some space for her new business. The rent is around $1,100 per month. b) Jess borrowed $5,500 from her cousin to buy some supplies for her new business. c) The money that Jess borrowed from her cousin, is then deposited in a new bank account, followed by $750 of her own money (in cash), under a new account with the name Jess's Pet Sitting. Please Explain.arrow_forwardOn 1 January 2020, Michael invested £13,000 in a car wash business in front of his house. He used part of the money to buy equipment for £3,000 and supplies worth £1,000 good for 1.5 years. During the first year of operations, the business received only £5,000 after rendering car wash services. Michael prepared the following income statement for the year ended 31 December 2020. He asked your help to assess the presentation of the relevant information in his income statement. Michael Car Wash Income Statement For the year ended 31 December 2020 (£) Service revenue 5,000 Less expenses: Equipment 3,000 Supplies 1,000 Salaries 1,200 Electricity and water 150 Income tax 700 Net income (loss) for the month (1,050)…arrow_forwardAnalysis of Cash Flow for a Small Business Charles, a financial consultant, has been self-employed for two years. His list of clients has grown, and he is earning a reputation as a shrewd investor. Charles rents a small office, uses the pool secretarial services, and has purchased a car that he is depreciating over three years. The following income statements cover Charless first two years of business: Charles believes that he should earn more than $11,500 for working very hard for two years. He is thinking about going to work for an investment firm where he can earn $40,000 per year. What would you advise Charles to do?arrow_forward
- The transactions completed by PS Music during June 2019 were described at the end of Chapter 1. The following transactions were completed during July, the second month of the businesss operations: July 1.Peyton Smith made an additional investment in PS Music by depositing 5,000 in PS Musics checking account. 1.Instead of continuing to share office space with a local real estate agency, Peyton decided to rent office space near a local music store. Paid rent for July, 1,750. 1.Paid a premium of 2,700 for a comprehensive insurance policy covering liability, theft, and fire. The policy covers a one-year period. 2.Received 1,000 cash from customers on account. 3.On behalf of PS Music, Peyton signed a contract with a local radio station, KXMD, to provide guest spots for the next three months. The contract requires PS Music to provide a guest disc jockey for 80 hours per month for a monthly fee of 3,600. Any additional hours beyond 80 will be billed to KXMD at 40 per hour. In accordance with the contract, Peyton received 7,200 from KXMD as an advance payment for the first two months. 3.Paid 250 to creditors on account. 4.Paid an attorney 900 for reviewing the July 3 contract with KXMD. (Record as Miscellaneous Expense.) 5.Purchased office equipment on account from Office Mart, 7,500. 8.Paid for a newspaper advertisement, 200. 11.Received 1,000 for serving as a disc jockey for a party. 13.Paid 700 to a local audio electronics store for rental of digital recording equipment. 14.Paid wages of 1,200 to receptionist and part-time assistant. Enter the following transactions on Page 2 of the two-column journal: 16.Received 2,000 for serving as a disc jockey for a wedding reception. 18.Purchased supplies on account, 850. July 21. Paid 620 to Upload Music for use of its current music demos in making various music sets. 22.Paid 800 to a local radio station to advertise the services of PS Music twice daily for the remainder of July. 23.Served as disc jockey for a party for 2,500. Received 750, with the remainder due August 4, 2019. 27.Paid electric bill, 915. 28.Paid wages of 1,200 to receptionist and part-time assistant. 29.Paid miscellaneous expenses, 540. 30.Served as a disc jockey for a charity ball for 1,500. Received 500, with the remainder due on August 9, 2019. 31.Received 3,000 for serving as a disc jockey for a party. 31.Paid 1,400 royalties (music expense) to National Music Clearing for use of various artists music during July. 31.Withdrew 1,250 cash from PS Music for personal use. PS Musics chart of accounts and the balance of accounts as of July 1, 2019 (all normal balances), are as follows: Instructions 1. Enter the July 1, 2019, account balances in the appropriate balance column of a four-column account. Write Balance in the Item column and place a check mark () in the Posting Reference column. (Hint: Verify the equality of the debit and credit balances in the ledger before proceeding with the next instruction.) 2. Analyze and journalize each transaction in a two-column journal beginning on Page 1, omitting journal entry explanations. 3. Post the journal to the ledger, extending the account balance to the appropriate balance column after each posting. 4. Prepare an unadjusted trial balance as of July 31, 2019.arrow_forwardThe transactions completed by PS Music during June 2019 were described at the end of Chapter 1. The following transactions were completed during July, the second month of the business's operations: July 1. Peyton Smith made an additional investment in PS Music by depositing 5,000 in PS Music's checking account. 1. Instead of continuing to share office space with a local real estate agency, Peyton decided to rent office space near a local music: store. Paid rent for July, 1,750. 1. Paid a premium of 2,700 for a comprehensive insurance policy covering liability, theft, and fire. The policy covers a one-year period. 2. Received 1,000 cash from customers on account. 3. On behalf of PS Music, Peyton signed a contract with a local radio station, KXMD, to provide guest spots for the next three months. The contract requires PS Music to provide a guest disc jockey for SO hours per month for a monthly fee of 3,600. Any additional hours beyond SO will be billed to KXMD at 40 per hour. In accordance with the contract, Peyton received 7,200 from KXMD as an advance payment for the first two months. 3. Paid 250 to creditors on account. 4. Paid an attorney 900 for reviewing the July 3 contract with KXMD. (Record as Miscellaneous Expense.) 5. Purchased office equipment on account from Office Mart, 7,500. 8. Paid for a newspaper advertisement, 200. 11. Received 1,000 for serving as a disc jockey for a party. 13. Paid 700 to a local audio electronics store for rental of digital recording equipment. 11. Paid wages of 1,200 to receptionist and part-time assistant. Enter the following transactions on Page 2 of the two-column journal: 16. Received 2,000 for serving as a disc jockey for a wedding reception. 18. Purchased supplies on account, 850. July 21. Paid 620 to Upload Music for use of its current music demos in making various music sets. 22. Paid 800 to a local radio station to advertise the services of PS Music twice daily for the remainder of July. 23. Served as disc jockey for a party for 2,500. Received 750, with the remainder due August 4, 2019. 27. Paid electric bill, 915. 28. Paid wages of 1,200 to receptionist and part-time assistant. 29. Paid miscellaneous expenses, 540. 30. Served as a disc jockey for a charity ball for 1,500. Received 500, with the remainder due on August 9, 2019. 31. Received 3,000 for serving as a disc jockey for a party. 31. Paid 1,400 royalties (music expense) to National Music Clearing for use of various artists' music during July. 31. Withdrew l,250 cash from PS Music for personal use. PS Music's chart of accounts and the balance of accounts as of July 1, 2019 (all normal balances), are as follows: 11 Cash 3,920 12 Accounts receivable 1,000 14 Supplies 170 15 Prepaid insurance 17 Office Equipment 21 Accounts payable 250 23 Unearned Revenue 31 Peyton smith, Drawing 4,000 32 Fees Earned 500 41 Wages Expense 6,200 50 Office Rent Expense 400 51 Equipment Rent Expense 800 52 Utilities Expense 675 53 Supplies Expense 300 54 music Expense 1,590 55 Advertising Expense 500 56 Supplies Expense 180 59 Miscellaneous Expense 415 Instructions 1.Enter the July 1, 2019, account balances in the appropriate balance column of a four-column account. Write Balance in the Item column and place a check mark () in the Posting Reference column. (Hint: Verify the equality of the debit and credit balances in the ledger before proceeding with the next instruction.) 2.Analyze and journalize each transaction in a two-column journal beginning on Page 1, omitting journal entry explanations. 3.Post the journal to the ledger, extending the account balance to the appropriate balance column after each posting. 4.Prepare an unadjusted trial balance as of July 31, 2019.arrow_forwardSimon Sayze formed a single-person window cleaning business in Prince George B.C., as a summer job. To start, on May 1, 2020 he deposited $3,000 in a new bank account called “Sayze cleaning” for this proprietorship to start purchasing needed items. The $3,000 consisted of a $1,500 loan from his father and $1,500 of his own money. Simon rented scaffolding equipment, purchased supplies, and hired high school students to assist with customer’s windows. At the end of each month, Simon emailed bills to customers owing for services provided. On August 31, he was ready to return to university for the fall semester and closes up shop for summer #1. Simon has been so busy, he had forgot the importance of keeping records of payment! Using online bank statements, expense receipts, and a list of amounts owed/paid by customers, he had some serious accounting to do for the filing his 2020 income tax return. At August 31, the bank account shows a positive balance, so he’s not worried about…arrow_forward
- Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Make...AccountingISBN:9781305654174Author:Gary A. Porter, Curtis L. NortonPublisher:Cengage LearningCollege Accounting, Chapters 1-27AccountingISBN:9781337794756Author:HEINTZ, James A.Publisher:Cengage Learning,
- Financial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337272124Author:Carl Warren, James M. Reeve, Jonathan DuchacPublisher:Cengage LearningFinancial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781305088436Author:Carl Warren, Jim Reeve, Jonathan DuchacPublisher:Cengage LearningAccountingAccountingISBN:9781337272094Author:WARREN, Carl S., Reeve, James M., Duchac, Jonathan E.Publisher:Cengage Learning,