Solutions Manual for Organic Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259636387
Author: Carey Dr., Francis A
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 3, Problem 35P
Sketch an approximate potential energy diagram for rotation about the carbon–carbon bondin
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The potential energy of a CH3 group in ethane as it is rotated around the C-C bond can be written V= 1/2V0(1 +cos φ), where φ is the azimuthal angle as shown and V0 = 11.6 kJ mol-1. (a) What is the change in potential energy between the trans and fully eclipsed conformations? (b) Show that for smal lvariations in angle, the torsional (twisting) motion around the C-C bond can be expected to be that of a harmonic oscillator. (d) Estimate the vibrational frequency of this torsional oscil lation.
Which is/are correct?
a.The dipole moment of propanal is greater than that of 1-butene.
b.Carbonyl compounds are more soluble in water than the corresponding alkanes but less than the corresponding alcohols.
c.All the choices.
d.The boiling points of 2-propanol, propanone, and 2-methylpropene are 82C, 57C, and -7C, respectively.
Measure the C-C-C and C-C-H bond angles in the energy-minimized models of cis and trans isomers of cyclooctene. Compare these values with those predicted by VSEPR. In which isomer are deviations from VSEPR predictions greater?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Solutions Manual for Organic Chemistry
Ch. 3.1 - Identify the alkanes corresponding to each of the...Ch. 3.1 - Find the conformations in Figure 3.4 in which the...Ch. 3.2 - Sketch a potential energy diagram for rotation...Ch. 3.2 - Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter in the central...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 5PCh. 3.5 - The heats of combustion of ethylcyclopropane and...Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 7PCh. 3.10 - The following questions relate to a cyclohexane...Ch. 3.10 - Draw the most stable conformation of...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 11PCh. 3.12 - Based on what you know about disubstituted...Ch. 3.12 - Write structural formulas for the most stable...Ch. 3.14 - Cubane (C4H8) is the common name of the polycyclic...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 15PCh. 3.14 - Prob. 16PCh. 3.14 - Prob. 17PCh. 3.14 - Prob. 18PCh. 3.15 - Prob. 19PCh. 3 - Give the IUPAC names of each of the following: (a)...Ch. 3 - Draw Newman projections for the gauche and...Ch. 3 - Identify all atoms that are (a) anti and (b)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 23PCh. 3 - Prob. 24PCh. 3 - Prob. 25PCh. 3 - Prob. 26PCh. 3 - Prob. 27PCh. 3 - Prob. 28PCh. 3 - Oxidation of 4-tert-butylthiane proceeds according...Ch. 3 - The following are representations of two forms of...Ch. 3 - Draw (a) a Newman projection of the most stable...Ch. 3 - Write a structural formula for the most stable...Ch. 3 - Sight down the C-2-C-3 bond, and draw Newman...Ch. 3 - Prob. 34PCh. 3 - Sketch an approximate potential energy diagram for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 36PCh. 3 - Even though the methyl group occupies an...Ch. 3 - Which do you expect to be the more stable...Ch. 3 - Arrange the trimethylcyclohexane isomers shown in...Ch. 3 - Identify the more stable stereoisomer in each of...Ch. 3 - One stereoisomer of 1,1,3,5-tetramethylcyclohexane...Ch. 3 - One of the following two stereoisomers is...Ch. 3 - In each of the following groups of compounds,...Ch. 3 - The heats of combustion of the more and less...Ch. 3 - The measured dipole moment of ClCH2CH2Cl is 1.12D....Ch. 3 - Prob. 46PCh. 3 - Prob. 47PCh. 3 - Prob. 48DSPCh. 3 - Prob. 49DSPCh. 3 - Prob. 50DSPCh. 3 - Prob. 51DSPCh. 3 - Prob. 52DSPCh. 3 - Prob. 53DSP
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- Cyclopropane and cyclobutane have similar strain energy despite the fact that the C—C—C bond angles of cyclopropane are much smaller than those of cyclobutane. Suggest an explanation for this observation, considering all sources of strain discussed in Chapter 4.arrow_forwardRank the conformations of 1,2-dichloroethane in terms of stability. Draw a plot of potential energy versus rotation for the C-C bond in 1,2-dichloroethane. Do your calculations for conformations of 1,2-dichloroethane agree with the plot you predict?arrow_forwardFor 1,2-dichloroethane: a.Draw Newman projections for all eclipsed conformations formed by rotation from 0° to 360° about the carbon-carbon single bond. b.Which eclipsed conformation(s) has (have) the lowest energy? Which has (have) the highest energy? c.Which, if any, of these eclipsed conformations are related by reflection?arrow_forward
- Measure the C-C-C and C-C-H bond angles in the energy-minimized model of cyclohexene and compare them with those predicted by VSEPR. Explain any differences.arrow_forwardDraw Newman projection formula for the distinct conformation of 1,2-dichoroethane, label them as a, b, c, and d, and predict their relative energies. Additionally, state whether their geometry is staggered or eclipsed.arrow_forwardtranslate the bond-line notation structure to the Newman projection by filling int the missing groups (A, B, C, D or E) on the lines in the Newman projection so they match the conformation given in the original structure. Circle if the conformation is a staggered or eclipsed.arrow_forward
- Build a model of methylcyclohexane, and use the model to complete the following Newmanprojections of methylcyclohexane in the chair conformation: a. When the methyl group is in an axial or equatorial (circle one) position, the molecule is inits lowest potential energy conformation. b. Label one Newman projection above anti and the other gauche to describe the relationshipbetween the methyl group and C3 of the ring. c. In general, which is a lower PE conformation, anti or gauche? d. Explain how your answer to b and c provide an explanation for why it is more favorable fora large group to be in an equatorial than an axial position.arrow_forwardHow do you account for the difference in energies between the two staggered conformations of 1,2-dichloroethane? How about for the two eclipsed conformations? Draw all four conformations and, on your drawing, indicate sources of strain – torsional, steric (gauche), steric eclipsed.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions for 1,3,5- hexatriene, the conjugated triene containing six carbons.How many ? -molecular orbitals are there?arrow_forward
- For the drawing and energy values given, calculate the barrier to rotation in kJ/mol for conformation I converting to conformation II.arrow_forwardDraw the potential energy profile of 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane as a function of the dihedral angle. (Conformational analysis is done with respect to the bond joining C2 and C3.)arrow_forwardIs the geometry of CH2BrCl, the same as CH3Cl and CH4? Briefly explain the evidence for your answerarrow_forward
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