Chapter 3, Problem 3IA.1Q

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The bond polarity of $\text{C}-\text{N}$.

Introduction:

Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards it.

Some important points related to electronegativity are stated as follows:

• The electronegativity value increases while moving from left to right in a periodic table and decreases while moving down the group.
• Fluorine has the highest electronegativity value that is $4.0$.
• The electronegativity difference of $0.4$ to $2.0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a polar covalent bond, whereas the electronegativity difference of $0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a nonpolar covalent bond.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The bond polarity of $\text{C}-\text{Cl}$.

Introduction:

Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards it.

Some important points related to electronegativity are stated as follows:

• The electronegativity value increases while moving from left to right in a periodic table and decreases while moving down the group.
• Fluorine has the highest electronegativity value that is $4.0$.
• The electronegativity difference of $0.4$ to $2.0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a polar covalent bond, whereas the electronegativity difference of $0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a nonpolar covalent bond.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The bond polarity of $\text{O}-\text{H}$.

Introduction:

Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards it.

Some important points related to electronegativity are stated as follows:

• The electronegativity value increases while moving from left to right in a periodic table and decreases while moving down the group.
• Fluorine has the highest electronegativity value that is $4.0$.
• The electronegativity difference of $0.4$ to $2.0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a polar covalent bond, whereas the electronegativity difference of $0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a nonpolar covalent bond.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The bond polarity of $\text{H}-\text{H}$.

Introduction:

Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards it.

Some important points related to electronegativity are stated as follows:

• The electronegativity value increases while moving from left to right in a periodic table and decreases while moving down the group.
• Fluorine has the highest electronegativity value that is $4.0$.
• The electronegativity difference of $0.4$ to $2.0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a polar covalent bond, whereas the electronegativity difference of $0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a nonpolar covalent bond.

e.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The bond polarity of $\text{C}-\text{H}$.

Introduction:

Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards it.

Some important points related to electronegativity are stated as follows:

• The electronegativity value increases while moving from left to right in a periodic table and decreases while moving down the group.
• Fluorine has the highest electronegativity value that is $4.0$.
• The electronegativity difference of $0.4$ to $2.0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a polar covalent bond, whereas the electronegativity difference of $0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a nonpolar covalent bond.

f.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The bond polarity of $\text{N}-\text{H}$.

Introduction:

Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards it.

Some important points related to electronegativity are stated as follows:

• The electronegativity value increases while moving from left to right in a periodic table and decreases while moving down the group.
• Fluorine has the highest electronegativity value that is $4.0$.
• The electronegativity difference of $0.4$ to $2.0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a polar covalent bond, whereas the electronegativity difference of $0$ between the shared atoms corresponds to the formation of a nonpolar covalent bond.