Chemistry In Context
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259638145
Author: Fahlman, Bradley D., Purvis-roberts, Kathleen, Kirk, John S., Bentley, Anne K., Daubenmire, Patrick L., ELLIS, Jamie P., Mury, Michael T., American Chemical Society
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 3, Problem 43Q
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Possibility for the stratospheric ozone to offer any protection from UV radiation that destroys the ozone layer has to be discussed.
Concept-Introduction:
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Why is stratospheric ozone beneficial to life on Earth, whereas tropospheric (ground-level) ozone is not?
The tropospheric processes discussed in this chapter cannot be considered as independent reactions. Discuss the relationship between the production of nitrogen oxide species and the formation of ‘acid rain’ and the role played by carbon monoxide, methane, and the hydroxyl radical.
In regard to the greenhouse effect, which statement is not true?
(a) Ultraviolet and visible radiation are converted to infrared radiation at the surface of Earth.
(b) Approximately one-third of the radiation of the Sun does not enter the atmosphere of Earth.
(c) Infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases.
(d) Greenhouse gases were not historically present in the atmosphere.
(e) Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by ozone.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry In Context
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.2YTCh. 3.1 - Using Equation 3.1, answer the following...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.4YTCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3.5YTCh. 3.1 - Scientific Practices Energy from the Sun Examine...Ch. 3.2 - Skill Building Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy...Ch. 3.3 - Skill Building The ABCs of Solar UV a. Arrange...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.9YTCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.10YTCh. 3.4 - You Decide Exposure Examine the curve shown in...
Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.12YTCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.13YTCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.14YTCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.15YTCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3.16YTCh. 3.7 - Draw the Lewis structure for each molecule. a. HBr...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.18YTCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3.19YTCh. 3.7 - You Decide The Ozone Layer Based on the reactions...Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.21YTCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.22YTCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.23YTCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.24YTCh. 3.9 - Prob. 3.25YTCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.26YTCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.27YTCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.28YTCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.29YTCh. 3.11 - Skill Building Particulate Classification An...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 3.31YTCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.32YTCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.33YTCh. 3.11 - Scientific Practices UV Interactions with Matter...Ch. 3 - How does ozone differ from oxygen in its chemical...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2QCh. 3 - Prob. 3QCh. 3 - Prob. 4QCh. 3 - Prob. 5QCh. 3 - a. What is a Dobson unit? b. Does a reading of 320...Ch. 3 - Using the periodic table as a guide, specify the...Ch. 3 - Consider this representation of a periodic table....Ch. 3 - Give the name and symbol for the element with this...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10QCh. 3 - Assuming that the octet rule applies, draw the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 12QCh. 3 - Consider these two waves representing different...Ch. 3 - Use Figure 3.4 to specify the region of the...Ch. 3 - What determines the color of light? Describe the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 16QCh. 3 - Does all light travel at the same speed in a...Ch. 3 - Arrange these types of radiation in order of...Ch. 3 - The microwaves in home microwave ovens have a...Ch. 3 - Ultraviolet radiation is categorized as UVA, UVB,...Ch. 3 - Calculate the wavelength, in nanometers, of the...Ch. 3 - The distance from Earth to the Sun is about 1.50 ...Ch. 3 - Draw Lewis structures for any two different CFCs.Ch. 3 - Prob. 24QCh. 3 - Prob. 25QCh. 3 - Prob. 26QCh. 3 - The following free radicals all play a role in...Ch. 3 - a. How were the original measurements of increases...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QCh. 3 - The EPA has used the slogan Ozone: Good Up High,...Ch. 3 - Nobel Laureate F. Sherwood Rowland referred to the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 32QCh. 3 - Prob. 33QCh. 3 - Prob. 34QCh. 3 - Prob. 35QCh. 3 - The average length of an OO single bond is 132 pm....Ch. 3 - Prob. 37QCh. 3 - Describe why ozone is more reactive than oxygen...Ch. 3 - Prob. 39QCh. 3 - Prob. 40QCh. 3 - Prob. 41QCh. 3 - All the reports of the damage caused by UV...Ch. 3 - Prob. 43QCh. 3 - Prob. 44QCh. 3 - Prob. 45QCh. 3 - Prob. 46QCh. 3 - Prob. 47QCh. 3 - Development of the stratospheric ozone hole has...Ch. 3 - Prob. 49QCh. 3 - Prob. 50QCh. 3 - Resonance structures can be used to explain the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 52QCh. 3 - Prob. 53QCh. 3 - Prob. 54QCh. 3 - Prob. 55QCh. 3 - Many different types of ozone generators...Ch. 3 - The effect a chemical substance has on the ozone...Ch. 3 - Cooking with an electric stove can have a negative...Ch. 3 - One mechanism that helps break down ozone in the...Ch. 3 - Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 61Q
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- Explain the difference between the effects of ground- level ozone and stratospheric ozone. Why is one beneficial to human life, whereas the other is not?arrow_forwardWhat is the biological importance of stratospheric ozone? Explain.arrow_forwardThe average length of an O–O single bond is 132 pm. The average length of an O–O double bond is 121 pm. What do you predict the O–O bond lengths will be in ozone? Will they all be the same? Explain your predictions.arrow_forward
- Ozone molecules in the stratosphere absorb much of the harmful radiation from the sun. How many ozone molecules are present in 1.00 L of air under the stratospheric ozone conditions of 257 K temperature and 1.55 × 10−3 atm pressure?arrow_forwardin an average O3 molecules "lives" only 100-200 seconds in the stratosphere before undergoing dissociation, how can O3 offer any protection from ultraviolet radiation?arrow_forwardExplain the relevance of the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its 2016 Kigali Amendment on regulating ozone depletion.arrow_forward
- Describe the origins and behavior of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides as air pollutants, including the generation of acid rain and photochemical smog?arrow_forward8. The Ottawa Charter is increasingly used to guide the development of health promotion activities in Australia in relation to a range of issues including smoking, road safety and skin cancer. Explain the workings of the Ottawa Charterarrow_forwardIt is often said that water vapour amplifies the Earth’s greenhouse effect. Indicate one way that an increased atmospheric concentration water vapour can increase the greenhouse effect and one way that it can decrease the greenhouse effect.arrow_forward
- Calculate the maximum wavelength of radiation that could have sufficient energy to effect the dissociation of nitric oxide (NO). In what regions of the atmosphere would such radiation be available?arrow_forwardWith the help of chemical equations, explain how ozone absorbs UV light.arrow_forwardChlorine atoms contribute to the destruction of the Earths ozone layer by the following sequence of reactions: Cl + O3 ClO + O2 ClO + O Cl + O2 where the O atoms in the second step come from the decomposition of ozone by sunlight: O3(g) O(g) + O2(g) What is the net equation on summing these three equations? Why does this lead to ozone loss in the stratosphere? What is the role played by Cl in this sequence of reactions? What name is given to species such as ClO?arrow_forward
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