Chapter 3, Problem 7Q

Using the periodic table as a guide, specify the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of each of these elements.

1. a. oxygen (O)
2. b. magnesium (Mg)
3. c. nitrogen (N)
4. d. sulfur (S)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and electrons in given species hasto be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Mass number (A): Mass number of an element is sum of protons and neutrons of the atom.

$\text{A= Number of protons}\left(\text{P}\right)\text{ + Number of neutrons}\left(\text{n}\right)$

Consider an element X with atomic number and mass number,

${}_Z^A\text{X}$

Where,

A is mass number and Z is atomic number (number of proton or electron)

Explanation of Solution

For oxygen, the number of protons and electrons is calculated as follows,

$\begin{array}{l}{}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X = }}_{\text{8}}^{16}\text{O}\\ \\ \text{Z (atomic number) = Number of protons (number of protons are equalent to number of electrons)}\\ \\ \text{= 8}\end{array}$

Thus, the number of protons and electrons are found 8 and 8 respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and electrons in given species hasto be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Mass number (A): Mass number of an element is sum of protons and neutrons of the atom.

$\text{A= Number of protons}\left(\text{P}\right)\text{ + Number of neutrons}\left(\text{n}\right)$

Consider an element X with atomic number and mass number,

${}_Z^A\text{X}$

Where,

A is mass number and Z is atomic number (number of proton or electron)

Explanation of Solution

For Magnesium, the number of protonsand electrons is calculated as follows,

$\begin{array}{l}{}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X = }}_{12}^{24}\text{Mg}\\ \\ \text{Z (atomic number) = Number of protons (number of protons are equalent to number of electrons)}\\ \\ \text{= 12}\end{array}$

Thus, the number of protons and electrons are found 12 and 12 respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and electrons in given species hasto be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Mass number (A): Mass number of an element is sum of protons and neutrons of the atom.

$\text{A= Number of protons}\left(\text{P}\right)\text{ + Number of neutrons}\left(\text{n}\right)$

Consider an element X with atomic number and mass number,

${}_Z^A\text{X}$

Where,

A is mass number and Z is atomic number (number of proton or electron)

Explanation of Solution

For Nitrogen, the number of protons and electrons is calculated as follows,

$\begin{array}{l}{}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X = }}_7^{14}\text{N}\\ \\ \text{Z (atomic number) = Number of protons (number of protons are equalent to number of electrons)}\\ \\ \text{= 7}\end{array}$

Thus, the number of protons and electrons are found 7 and 7 respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and electrons in given species hasto be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Mass number (A): Mass number of an element is sum of protons and neutrons of the atom.

$\text{A= Number of protons}\left(\text{P}\right)\text{ + Number of neutrons}\left(\text{n}\right)$

Consider an element X with atomic number and mass number,

${}_Z^A\text{X}$

Where,

A is mass number and Z is atomic number (number of proton or electron)

Explanation of Solution

For oxygen,the number of protons and electrons is calculated as follows,

$\begin{array}{l}{}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X = }}_{16}^{32}\text{S}\\ \\ \text{Z (atomic number) = Number of protons (number of protons are equalent to number of electrons)}\\ \\ \text{= 16}\end{array}$

Thus, the number of protons and electrons are found 16 and 16 respectively.