Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 30, Problem 4RQ
Young downstream salmon migrants moving from their freshwater natal streams into the sea leave an environment nearly free of salt to enter one containing three times as much salt as their body fluids. Describe osmotic challenges of each environment and suggest physiological adjustments salmon must make in moving from freshwater to the sea.
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Imagine a saltwater fish is placed into freshwater. What would happen on a cellular level? How are fish like salmon, who spend the first part of their life in the ocean and then travel to freshwater to spawn, able to overcome potential physiological consequences? Describe three adaptations salmon use to overcome the salinity changes encountered.
Some aquatic organisms, when confronted with a changing external osmotic environment, allow the internal (but extracellular) fluid osmotic pressure to follow, or to "match," the external osmotic pressure as it changes. This organism would be classified as a(an) ...
A.
hyporegulator.
B.
osmoconformer.
C.
osmomanipulator.
D.
hyperregulator.
E.
osmoregulator.
Based on the physical laws of evaporation, explain why the highbody temperatures of mammals and birds make them prone tohaving higher rates of evaporative water loss than poikilothermicterrestrial vertebrates with lower body temperatures.
Chapter 30 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 30 - Define homeostasis. What evolutionary advantages...Ch. 30 - Describe the physiological challenges confronting...Ch. 30 - Distinguish the terms in the following pairs:...Ch. 30 - Young downstream salmon migrants moving from their...Ch. 30 - Most marine invertebrates are osmotic conformers....Ch. 30 - Prob. 6RQCh. 30 - In what animals would you expect to find a salt...Ch. 30 - Prob. 8RQCh. 30 - Prob. 9RQCh. 30 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 30 - In what ways does the nephridium of an earthworm...Ch. 30 - Prob. 12RQCh. 30 - Explain how the cycling of sodium chloride between...Ch. 30 - Explain bow antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)...Ch. 30 - Prob. 15RQCh. 30 - Large mammals live successfully in deserts and in...Ch. 30 - Prob. 17RQCh. 30 - Prob. 1FFT
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- The kidneys of different species of amniotes differ widely in their ability to concentrate the urine. What determines the maximum osmolarity of the urine an animal's kidney can produce? Explain why. (not to long)arrow_forwardTopic:Excretion in animals Distinguish isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solution from one another relative to an animal’s intracellular fluid.arrow_forwardThe mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Explain how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forward
- Distinguish the terms in the following pairs: osmotic conformity and osmotic regulation; stenohaline and euryhaline; hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic.arrow_forwardCompare the osmoregulatory problems and adaptations of a hypo-osmotic shallow marine fish, a hyperosmotic freshwater fish, a deep-sea fish, a salmon, and a terrestrial vertebratearrow_forwardThe mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Describe in detail how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forward
- Many, but not all, marine fishes are simultaneously both osmoregulators and ionoregulators. Say that a friend caught a fish off of the Cape Cod coast where the seawater has an osmotic pressure of 1,050 mosmol.L-1 and a Na+ concentration of 450 mmol.L-1. Which of the following plasma compositions might reasonably be consistent with your friend's fish being such an osmoregulating and ionoregulating species? A. plasma osmotic pressure = 350 mosmol.L-1; plasma Na+ concentration = 430 mmol.L-1 B. plasma osmotic pressure = 1,050 mosmol.L-1; plasma Na+ concentration = 450 mmol.L-1 C. plasma osmotic pressure = 1,035 mosmol.L-1; plasma Na+ concentration = 170 mmol.L-1 D. plasma osmotic pressure = 355 mosmol.L-1; plasma Na+ concentration = 161 mmol.L-1 E. None of the above answer choices correctly answers the question.arrow_forwardAn animal like salmon that can survive large fluctuations in external osmolarity is called (?????).arrow_forwardIn the aquatic world, osmoregulation is very important. Please describe what would happen at the cellular level as well as organismal level to a freshwater fish that is placed in salt water.arrow_forward
- If osmoregulatory hypotonic fish species are generally bony fish and osmoregulatory hypertonic fish species are generally soft and absorbent. Does it mean the reason for them being soft or bony from an evolutionary standpoint gives reason to why they are formed that way? Basically what I'm trying to ask is whether they are hypotonic or hypertonic, does it have a correlation to why they are bony or muscular like in structure.arrow_forwardAnimals that are osmoconformers _______. almost always live on land or in fresh water habitats typically have a higher plasma osmolarity than other vertebrates are constantly losing water to their environment via osmosis most often secrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acidarrow_forwardCompare the osmotic problem and the mechanism of osmotic regula-tion in freshwater and marine bony fishes.arrow_forward
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