Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 30, Problem 13RQ
Explain how the cycling of sodium chloride between the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle in the mammalian kidney, and special permeability of these tubules, produces high osmotic concentrations in interstitial fluids in the kidney medulla. Explain the role of urea in producing high osmotic concentrations in the interstitial fluid of the medulla.
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Explain how the cycling of sodium chloride between the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle in the mammalian kidney, and special permeability of these tubules, produces high osmotic concentrations in interstitial fluids in the kidney medulla. Explain the role of urea in producing high osmotic concentrations in the intersti-tial fluid of the medulla.
The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids.
Explain how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.
The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids.
Describe in detail how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.
Chapter 30 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 30 - Define homeostasis. What evolutionary advantages...Ch. 30 - Describe the physiological challenges confronting...Ch. 30 - Distinguish the terms in the following pairs:...Ch. 30 - Young downstream salmon migrants moving from their...Ch. 30 - Most marine invertebrates are osmotic conformers....Ch. 30 - Prob. 6RQCh. 30 - In what animals would you expect to find a salt...Ch. 30 - Prob. 8RQCh. 30 - Prob. 9RQCh. 30 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 30 - In what ways does the nephridium of an earthworm...Ch. 30 - Prob. 12RQCh. 30 - Explain how the cycling of sodium chloride between...Ch. 30 - Explain bow antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)...Ch. 30 - Prob. 15RQCh. 30 - Large mammals live successfully in deserts and in...Ch. 30 - Prob. 17RQCh. 30 - Prob. 1FFT
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- One type of diuretic given to people with high blood pressure, renal disease and congestive heart failure are thiazide-type diuretics. These drugs inhibit sodium ion reabsorption by inhibiting the transport in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A) What does it mean to inhibit the transport of sodium ions in the loop of Henle? B) Explain how this inhibition of sodium ions in the loop of Henle could help increase urine production.arrow_forwardthe process that initiates urine formation in most types of vertebrates is ultrafiltration of fluid from the blood plasma into kidney tubules under the force of blood pressure. What properties of the blood plasma in the urine-forming structures of the kidney are likely to affect the rate of ultrafiltration into the kidney tubules? Why is failure of urine production a potential side effect of heart disease?arrow_forwardExplain how antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) controls excretion of water in mammalian kidneys.arrow_forward
- Considering the distal convoluted tubule of the amphibiannephron, explain how changes in the permeability of the tubulewall to water affect the amount of pure, osmotically free waterexcreted in the urine. Define what is meant by pure, osmoticallyfree water.arrow_forwardThe immediate effect of ADH on the renal tubules of frogs and mice is the same, yet when ADH is secreted, frogs produce urine that is approximately isosmotic to their blood plasma, whereas mice produce urine far more concentrated than their blood plasma. Explain this difference in terms of the factors affecting osmosis in the kidneys of frogs and mice.arrow_forwardThe renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.arrow_forward
- You are studying renal function in different species of mammals that are found in very different environments. You look at species from a desert environment and compare them with ones from a tropical environment. The desert species would be expected to havea. shorter loops of Henle than the tropical species.b. longer loops of Henle than the tropical species.c. shorter proximal convoluted tubules than the tropical species.d. longer distal convoluted tubules than the tropical species.arrow_forwardExplain how insects are capable of secreting concentrated urine without depending on high blood pressure filtration.arrow_forwardMany types of fishes live in freshwater. Generally, water moves by osmosis from the surrounding fresh water into the fish's body. This observation helps to explain which feature of the excretory systems of freshwater fishes? a. They tend to produce dilute, watery urine. b. They tend to produce concentrated, dark urine. c. They do not produce urine, but instead conserve or re-use nitrogenous wastes. d. They may produce either dilute or concentrated urine, depending on the activity of the fish.arrow_forward
- Compare the osmotic problem and the mechanism of osmotic regula-tion in freshwater and marine bony fishes.arrow_forwardAtrial Natriuretic Peptide helps to reduce overall blood pressure in a variety of ways. One way is by increasing Glomerular Filtration Rate. a. Why/how would increasing GFR cause decreased blood pressure? b. To increase GFR, would Atrial Natriuretic Peptide cause constriction or dilation of afferent arterioles at the kidneys? The efferent arterioles?arrow_forwardExplain the mechanism how furosemide affects kidney tubules. How does this affect K+ balance? How different is the mechanism of thiazide affect urine production? Describe the process of acid-base regulation in human body.arrow_forward
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