Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 34, Problem 4DAA
Effect of BPA on Insulin Secretion Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Angel Nadal suspected that BPA disrupts insulin
FIGURE 34.11 Effects of BPA and DPN on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. DPN is a chemical known to bind and activate estrogen receptors on pancreatic cells. A glucose concentration of 8 millimolar (mM) is equivalent to that of the blood after a meal.
Is this data consistent with the hypothesis that BPA alters human insulin secretion by binding to and activating the estrogen receptor?
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In some forms of diabetes, a mutation in the b subunit of the insulin receptor abolishes the enzymatic activity of that subunit. How does the mutation affect the cell’s response to insulin? Can additional insulin (e.g., from injections) overcome the defect?
One such laboratory study investigated the binding of a hormone to three different receptor proteins in the cell membrane. The data collected are shown in the table below
1) Provide a brief explanation as to why ligand binding toproteins must be a reversible process.
2) Calculate the dissociation constant (Kd) for the hormone binding to each of the three proteins.
Based on your understanding of the binding of insulin, select all of the following events that you would expect to occur in muscle cells due to insulin binding to receptors.Group of answer choices
a. Glycogen synthesis is activated
b. PFK is stabilized in the R-state and glycolysis is activated
c. GLUT4 (transporters) are increased in concentration at the plasma membrane
d. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate increased levels aid in stabilization of the T-state fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
e. Gluconeogenesis is activated in response to elevated fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels
f. Phosphorylation cascades allow for covalent modifications that would aid in the breakdown of glycogen to allow for increased levels of glucose 6-phosphate in the cell
g. Hexokinase is inhibited so glucose will not be brought into the cell in high amounts
h. Glycogen breakdown pathway is inactivated
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 34 - Prob. 1DAACh. 34 - Effect of BPA on Insulin Secretion Bisphenol A...Ch. 34 - Effect of BPA on Insulin Secretion Bisphenol A...Ch. 34 - Effect of BPA on Insulin Secretion Bisphenol A...Ch. 34 - Prob. 1SQCh. 34 - A ________ is synthesized from cholesterol and can...Ch. 34 - Match each pituitary hormone with its target. ____...Ch. 34 - Releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus...Ch. 34 - Prob. 5SQCh. 34 - Low blood calcium triggers secretion by ________....
Ch. 34 - _______ lowers blood sugar levels; ________ raises...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8SQCh. 34 - The ________ has both endocrine and exocrine...Ch. 34 - Prob. 10SQCh. 34 - Secretion of _______ suppresses immune responses....Ch. 34 - Prob. 12SQCh. 34 - Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?...Ch. 34 - True or false? All hormones secreted by arthropods...Ch. 34 - Match the term listed at left with the most...Ch. 34 - Women who have been blind since birth almost never...Ch. 34 - A diabetic who injects too much insulin can lose...Ch. 34 - Endocrine disruptors can interfere with biological...Ch. 34 - An arctic hares coat color changes from white to...
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