Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Question
Chapter 36, Problem 1AC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The osmolarity of sea water is more than four times of osmolarity of blood. Explain the reason why a person can’t drink sea water. Most of the water is saline that means seawater and a very little amount is fresh water which is available to drink.
Concept introduction:
Osmolarity refers to the concentration of the solution, which is the total number of solute particles in 1 liter of solvent. Osmolarity of seawater is much higher than the osmolarity of blood.
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Osmolarity is the measure of __________concentration of _________ particles.
total; water
partial; water
total; solute
partial; solute
none of the above
If a person was severely dehydrated and the osmolarity of their blood and tissue fluids was at 500 mOsm/L while their intracellular osmolarity was 300 mOsm/L; explain what would happen via osmosis.
Animals that are osmoconformers _______.
almost always live on land or in fresh water habitats
typically have a higher plasma osmolarity than other vertebrates
are constantly losing water to their environment via osmosis
most often secrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid
Chapter 36 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.1 - define homeostasis and describe how urinary...Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.2 - describe and compare the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.3 - list and describe the structures of the human...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.3 - draw and label a nephron?Ch. 36.4 - describe the blood supply of the nephron and how...
Ch. 36.4 - explain the three stages of urine formation,...Ch. 36.4 - describe where in the nephron each stage occurs?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.5 - What osmoregulatory problems would occur if a...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.5 - explain the role of ADH in water reabsorption?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 36.5 - explain how and why the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.5 - Since the 1950s, when living kidney donation was...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1MCCh. 36 - Which of the following matches is correct? a....Ch. 36 - Long nephron loops a. are common in animals with...Ch. 36 - Which of the following is True? a. Collecting...Ch. 36 - Prob. 5MCCh. 36 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 36 - The human kidney consists of an outer layer called...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 36 - Fill in the following substances: produced from...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 36 - Explain the two major functions of urinary...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2RQCh. 36 - Prob. 3RQCh. 36 - Discuss the differences in function of the two...Ch. 36 - Describe the processes of filtration,...Ch. 36 - Describe the role of the kidneys as organs of...Ch. 36 - Briefly describe and compare the urinary systems...Ch. 36 - Explain and contrast osmoregulation in freshwater...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1ACCh. 36 - Prob. 2AC
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Similar questions
- Drinking too much water can be a bad thing. If someone sweats heavily and drinks lots of water, their sodium levels drop. The resulting water intoxication can be fatal. Why is the sodium balance so important?arrow_forwardFill in the blanks: The kidneys produce __________ urine when the osmolarity of the body’s fluids increases. They produce __________ urine when the osmolarity of the body’s fluids decreases.arrow_forwardA cell is placed in a solution and it swells and bursts. Explain what happened using the words osmosis, solute, osmotic pressure, and hyper-, hypo- or -iso-tonic.arrow_forward
- Which molecules are responsible for the high osmolarity of the renal medulla in the mammalian kidney? "Na+, Cl-, and K+" "urea, uric acid, and Na+" "Na+, Cl-, and urea" "uric acid, urea, and amonia"arrow_forwardSevere vomiting and diarrhea cause a loss of water and solutes from extracellular fluids. If the person was given only water, what effect would this have on the solute concentration of the extracellular fluids? Would osmosis results in water entering or leaving cells?arrow_forwardSCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney function inkangaroo rats. You measure urine volume and osmolarity, as wellas the amount of chloride (Cl-) and urea in the urine. If the watersource provided to the animals were switched from tap water toa 2% NaCl solution, indicate what change in urine osmolarityyou would expect. How would you determine if this change wasmore likely due to a change in the excretion of Cl-or urea?arrow_forward
- Osmotically active substances are called _____________.arrow_forwardHow do proteins regulate fluid balance? A. Proteins repel water. B. Proteins attract water. C. Water attracts proteins. D. Water degrades proteins. E. Proteins form polymers of water.arrow_forward1) Animals that are osmoconformers _______. A) almost always live on land or in fresh water habitats B) typically have a higher plasma osmolarity than other vertebrates C) are constantly losing water to their environment via osmosis D) most often secrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acidarrow_forward
- Two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable only to water. The two solutions are: Solution A = 150 mM KCl Solution B = 150 mM Angiotensin (a 7 amino acid polypeptide) Which of the following would best explain the net movement in this situation? - water will move from the KCl side to Angiotensin side - water will move from Angiotensin side to KCl side - The Cl- ion will move to the angiotensin side until there is 75 mM Cl- on each side - Since Angiotensin is not an ion, it can move through the membrane - There is no net water movement as the concentrations are the same on both sidesarrow_forwardSome animals living in water excrete nitrogen as ammonia. Land animals, which must conserve water, excrete urea or uric acid. How does excretion of these molecules aid in water conservation?arrow_forward
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