Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 36, Problem 7FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Osmoregulation is an important function performed by the kidney. Osmoregulation refers to the maintenance of blood osmolarity, which is the concentration of solutes and ions in the blood plasma.
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If blood osmolarity increases, receptors in the_______ detect this and signal the gland to increase release of________ . This hormone acts on the walls of the_____ and the______, causing them to insert more water porescalled_______ into their membranes and, thus, cause the urine to become more______ .
Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop if the pituitary’s posterior lobe is damaged, as by a blow to the head. This is one cause of diabetes insipidus. People with this form of diabetes excrete so much dilute urine that they may become seriously dehydrated. Where are the target cells of ADH?
What effect does an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the volume of extracellular fluid (ECF)? a. ECF decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present. b. ECF increases initially, then decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present. c. ECF increases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present. d. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) has no effect on ECF.
Chapter 36 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.1 - define homeostasis and describe how urinary...Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.2 - describe and compare the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.3 - list and describe the structures of the human...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.3 - draw and label a nephron?Ch. 36.4 - describe the blood supply of the nephron and how...
Ch. 36.4 - explain the three stages of urine formation,...Ch. 36.4 - describe where in the nephron each stage occurs?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.5 - What osmoregulatory problems would occur if a...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.5 - explain the role of ADH in water reabsorption?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 36.5 - explain how and why the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.5 - Since the 1950s, when living kidney donation was...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1MCCh. 36 - Which of the following matches is correct? a....Ch. 36 - Long nephron loops a. are common in animals with...Ch. 36 - Which of the following is True? a. Collecting...Ch. 36 - Prob. 5MCCh. 36 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 36 - The human kidney consists of an outer layer called...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 36 - Fill in the following substances: produced from...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 36 - Explain the two major functions of urinary...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2RQCh. 36 - Prob. 3RQCh. 36 - Discuss the differences in function of the two...Ch. 36 - Describe the processes of filtration,...Ch. 36 - Describe the role of the kidneys as organs of...Ch. 36 - Briefly describe and compare the urinary systems...Ch. 36 - Explain and contrast osmoregulation in freshwater...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1ACCh. 36 - Prob. 2AC
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- Chalcedonia has a pituitary tumor which increased release of ADH. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe as a result of this condition? Group of answer choices Glycouria Polyuria increased osmotic concentration of the blood of the urine elevated blood pressure none of the abovearrow_forwardDescribe the function of major hormones (steroid hormones, epinephrine, insulin & glucagon) and major endocrine glands (hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal glands, pancreas) and how they regulate metabolism. Explain the organs and tissues different groups use for osmoregulation including how the countercurrent exchange in the loop of Henle allows mammals to recycle water and ions. Explain how organisms control osmolarity, and how their particular strategies depend on the environment they inhabit.arrow_forwarda pt has hyperthyroidism and his Na+/K+ ATpase pumps are working slower. Will this effect the transport of Na+? A. There will be a reduction in Na+ transport on the basolateral side of the tubule epithelial cell. B. there will be a reduction in Na+ transport in bowmans capsule epithelial cells C. there will be no change to Na+ transport D. there will be a reduction in ATP-dependent, Na+transport on the apical side of the tubule epithelial cells E. there will be a reduction of Na+ secretion on both sides of the tubule epithelial cellsarrow_forward
- Match the endocrine glands numbered above with the functions listed below. ____ Releases a hormone that increases water reabsorption (not through sodium retention)______ Produces ADH and oxytocin __ __ Releases a hormone that stimulates the release of glucose by converting glycogen to glucose______ Releases a hormone that increases water reabsorption through sodium retentio Record your answers from top to bottomarrow_forwardcompare and contrast the actions of various hormones in control of plasma glucose water balance,sodium and potassium balance ,and calcium balance.arrow_forwardExtracellular fluids have relatively? A. high sodium and low potassium levels. B .high sodium and high potassium levels. C. higher concentrations of potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and D. sulfate ions. E. low sodium and low potassium levels. F. low sodium and high potassium levels.arrow_forward
- Which of these do you suspect will not lead to an increase in ADH secretion from the posterior pituitary gland? Group of answer choices Increased plasma osmolarity Decreased angiotensin II secretion Decreased blood pressure Decreased blood volumearrow_forwardParathyroid hormone stimulates: Select one: Potassium secretion and sodium reabsorption. b. Phosphate secretion and calcium reabsorption. Calcium reabsorption and phosphate secretion. Urea secretion and water reabsorption. Sodium secretion potassium reabsorption.arrow_forwardA patient has an ADH-secreting pulmonary carcinoma (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion). As a result of unregulated ADH secretion, you would expect to find: a. retention of water resulting in volume expansion b. low urinary osmolality c. increased renal sodium reabsorption d. high serum sodium concentration e. b and c A 25-year old woman develops a nonfunctional hypothalamic tumor that results in a complete inability to produce oxytocin. The most likely pathological response to this deficiency is: a. inability to ovulate b. amenorrhea c. hypertension d. inability to lactate normally e. inability to deliver a child vaginallyarrow_forward
- Which of these is not a function of the kidneys? A) The kidneys regulate the plasma volume B) The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure C) The kidneys help control the rate of red blood cell production D) The kidneys deactivate vitamin D and stimulate the activity of osteoclastsarrow_forwardA patient has a tumor in the adrenal cortex that continuously secretes large amounts of aldosterone. What is this condition called, and what effects does this have on the total amount of sodium and potassium in her body?arrow_forwardExplain how the nervous system and the excretory system have to work together to maintain water balance, including both dehydration and excess hydration. What would happen if the nervous system became damaged and could no longer send signals to stimulate the release of ADH ?arrow_forward
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