Concept explainers
To find: The risk that someone without hypertension at age 30 will develop a heart attack by age 75.
Concept introduction: The normal blood pressure range is 120/80 mmHg where the top number represents systolic and the bottom one represents diastolic pressure.
High blood pressure or hypertension is the high force exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels. It can lead to many severe complications and increase the risk of stroke, atherosclerosis, heart diseases, and death. There are many risk factors for having hypertension. Age, body weight, sex, food habits, alcoholism, drug addiction and physical inactivity are some of the major causes for the condition.
To find: The comparable risk for someone with and without hypertension at age 30.
Concept introduction: High blood pressure or hypertension is the high force exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels. It can lead to many severe complications and increase the risk of stroke, atherosclerosis, heart diseases, and death. There are many risk factors for having hypertension. Age, body weight, sex, food habits, alcoholism, drug addiction and physical inactivity are some of the major causes for the condition.
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Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
- Risks of Hypertension Eleni Rapsomaniki and her colleagues analyzed medical records of 1.25 million people in the United Kingdom to see how hypertension affects the risk of cardiovascular disorders. They looked at records of people who at 30 years old had no history of heart disease or stroke, although some had high blood pressure. By looking at which of these people later had a heart attack or stroke, the researchers were able to estimate the lifetime risks of these disorders in people with, and without high blood pressure. FIGURE 36.19 shows the researchers estimates of the lifetime risk for heart attack and for transient ischemic attack (TIA), a type of stroke. FIGURE 36.19 Lifetime risks of heart attack and TIA (a type of stroke), with and without hypertension at age 30. A transient ischaemic attack (TIA), sometimes called a mini-stroke, is caused by a temporary blockage of a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain. Which is a person who has hypertension at age 30 more likely to have by age 60, a heart attack or a TIA?arrow_forwardDuring the first day of your clinical internship in the emergency room of the local hospital, you observe two individuals succumb in separate incidences due to gun shot wounds. in both cases, there is a significant amount of blood loss by each victim. Based on what you have learned regarding the cardiovascular system, explain what might be happening in these individuals as a result of their significant blood loss. Ignore damage to internal organs that most likely occurred and focus on the blood loss. Respond to a classmate's post by explaining why you agree or disagree with the responses they propose and build on their response where possiblearrow_forwardThe Effects of Lifestyle, Sex & Genetics on Blood Pressure Many things might affect heart rate, including the physical fitness of the individual, the presence of drugs such as caffeine or nicotine in the blood, and the age of the person. Heart rate and blood pressure work together to ensure that blood reaches cells at a rate that is sufficient to supply nutrients and remove waste products. If one variable decreases the other will increase to maintain this balance. For example, if the body detects a drop in blood pressure, it will help to correct this imbalance by increasing heart rate until the body can adjust blood pressure by other methods. Watch these videos to learn the terminology and science of blood pressure along with how to take a proper blood pressure reading. https://www.ausmed.com/cpd/articles/how-to-take-blood-pressure When a person is well hydrated and healthy the body can make these adjustments without you ever being aware. But, if a person is dehydrated, taking…arrow_forward
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