Encryption systems with erroneous ciphertexts. In cryptography, ciphertext is encrypted or encoded text that is unreadable by a human or computer without the proper algorithm to decrypt it into plain text. The impact of erroneous ciphertexts on the performance of an encryption system was investigated in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (April 2013). For one data encryption system, the
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Statistics for Business and Economics (13th Edition)
- Smokers and Non smokers In a population of 10,000, there are 5000 non-smokers, 2500 smokers of one pack or less per day. During any month, there is a 5 probability that a nonsmoker will begin smoking a pack or less per day, and a 2 probability that a nonsmoker will begin smoking more than a pack per day. For smokers who smoke a pack or less per day, there is a 10 probability of quitting and a 10 probability of increasing to more than a pack per day. For smokers who smoke more than a pack per day, there is a 5 probability of quitting and a 10 probability of dropping to a pack or less per day. How many people will be in each group a in 1 month, b in 2 months, and c in 1 year?arrow_forwardConsumer Preference In a population of 100,000 consumers, there are 20,000 users of Brand A, 30,000 users of Brand B, and 50,000 who use neither brand. During any month, a Brand A user has a 20 probability of switching to Brand B and a 5 of not using either brand. A Brand B user has a 15 probability of switching to Brand A and a 10 probability of not using either brand. A nonuser has a 10 probability of purchasing Brand A and a 15 probability of purchasing Brand B. How many people will be in each group a in 1 month, b in 2 months, and c in 18 months?arrow_forward
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