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In conventional television, signals are broadcast from towers to home receivers. Even when a receiver is not in direct view of tower because of a hill or building, it can still intercept a signal if the signal diffracts enough around the obstacle, into the obstacle’s “shadow region.” Previously, television signals had a wavelength of about 50 cm, but digital television signals that are transmitted from towers have a wavelength of about 10 mm. (a) Did this change in wavelength increase or decrease the diffraction of the signals into the shadow regions of obstacles? Assume that a signal passes through an opening of 5.0 m width between two adjacent buildings. What is the angular spread of the central diffraction maximum (out to the first minima) for wavelengths of (b) 50 cm and (c) 10 mm?
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Fundamentals of Physics, Volume 1, Chapter 1-20
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- Both sides of a uniform film that has index of refraction n and thickness d are in contact with air. For normal incidence of light, an intensity minimum is observed in the reflected light at λ2 and an intensity maximum is observed at λ1, where λ1 > λ2. (a) Assuming no intensity minima are observed between λ1 and λ2, find an expression for the integer m in Equations 27.13 and 27.14 in terms of the wavelengths λ1 and λ2. (b) Assuming n = 1.40, λ1 = 500 nm, and λ2 = 370 nm, determine the best estimate for the thickness of the film.arrow_forwardA monochromatic light of unknown wavelength is incident on a slit of width 20 m. A diffraction pattern is seen at a screen 2.5 m away where the central maximum is spread over a distance of 10.0 cm. Find the wavelength.arrow_forwardA microwave of an unknown wavelength is incident on a single slit of width 6 cm. The angular width of the central peak is found to be 25°. Find the wavelength.arrow_forward
- Two radio antennas separated by d = 3.00 102 cm. as shown in Figure P24.7, simultaneously broadcast identical signals at the same the signals. (a) If the car is at the position of the second maximum wavelength. A car travels due north along a straight line at position x = 1.00 103 m from the center point between the antennas and its radio receives the signal. (a) If the car is at the position of the second maximum after that at point O when it has traveled a distance of y = 4.00 102 m northward, what is the wavelength of the signals? (b) How much farther must the car travel from thus position to encounter the next minimum in reception? Hint: Do not use the small-angle approximation in this problem.arrow_forwardThe movable mirror of a Michelson interferometer is attached to one end of a thin metal rod of length 23.3 mm. The other end of the rod is anchored so it does not move. As the temperature of the rod changes from 15°C to 25 C , a change of 14 fringes is observed. The light source is a He Ne laser, =632.8 nm . What is the change in length of the metal bar, and what is its thermal expansion coefficient?arrow_forward(a) The transmitters emit identical signals in phase with each other, which the driver receives on the car radio. When the car is at point A, 1 = 440 m and 2 = 171 m away from the transmitters, the radio picks up a maximum net signal. What is the longest possible wavelength of the radio waves? (b) How long after the car passes point A does the radio experience a minimum in the net signal? Assume that the wavelength has the same value as in the previous problem.arrow_forward
- In many transparent materials, dispersion causes different colors (wavelengths) of light to travel at different speeds. This can cause problems in fiber-optic communications systems where pulses of light must travel very long distances in glass. Assuming a fiber is made of silicate crown glass, calculate the difference in travel times that two short pulses of light take to travel 15 km in the fiber if the first pulse has a wavelength of 700 nm and the second pulse has a wavelength of 500 nm. Give your answer in ns. n 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 Violet 400 Silicate flint glass Borate flint glass Quartz Silicate crown glass 500 600 Red 700 λ, nmarrow_forwardIf the wavelength of a monochromatic source is 316 nm in vacuum, what is the wavelength from the same source when it passes through a liquid where the speed of light is 1.86 × 108 m/s? (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s)arrow_forwardTwo radio antennas are 120 m apart on a north-south line, and they radiate in phase at a frequency of 3.4 MHz. All radio measurements are made far from the antennas. If the east-west reference line passes midway between the two antennas, what is the smallest angle from the antennas, measured north of east, at which constructive interference of two radio waves occurs?arrow_forward
- (c) A radar installation operates at a wavelength of 10.0 GHz, with a dish antenna that is 10 meters in diameter. What is the maximum distance (in kilometers) for which this system can distinguish two aircraft 50 meters apart?arrow_forward(a) If the distance between two slits in Young's double slit experiment is 1.0 mm, the distance between the slits and the detection screen is 2 m, and the distance between central max- imum and second order fringe at the screen is 1 mm, then determine the wavelength of the incident radiation. On which part of the electromagnetic spectrum will it lie? What should be the expected distance between the slit and screen for the same experimental setup when we use the radio waves incident on the double slits. (b) White light is incident on the thin laminar layer of the soap having refractive index 1.33 and thickness 4000 Å. Which wavelengths from the normally incident white light will be reflected most by this thin soap film and why?arrow_forwardIn a location where the speed of sound is 346 m/s, a 2 000-Hz sound wave impinges on two slits 29.0 cm apart. (a) At what angle is the first maximum of sound intensity located? (b) If the sound wave is replaced by 1.25-cm microwaves, what slit separation gives the same angle for the first maximum of microwave intensity? cm (c) If the slit separation is 1.00 um, what frequency of light gives the same angle to the first maximum of light intensity? THz Additional Materials eBookarrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
- University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax
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