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In an experiment to monitor the Moon’s surface with a light beam, pulsed
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- The index of refraction for water is about 43. What happens as a beam of light travels from air into water? (a) Its speed increases to 43c, and its frequency decreases. (b) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its wavelength decreases by a factor of 34. (c) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its wavelength increases by a factor of 43. (d) Its speed and frequency remain the same. (e) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its frequency increases.arrow_forwardWhat happens to a light wave when it travels from air into glass? (a) Its speed remains the same. (b) Its speed increases. (c) Its wavelength increases. (d) Its wavelength remains the same. (e) Its frequency remains the same.arrow_forwardLight traveling in a medium of index of refraction n1 is incident on another medium having an index of refraction n2. Under which of the following conditions can total internal reflection occur at the interface of the two media? (a) The indices of refraction have the relation n2 n1. (b) The indices of refraction have the relation n1 n2. (c) Light travels slower in the second medium than in the first. (d) The angle of incidence is less than the critical angle. (e) The angle of incidence must equal the angle of refraction.arrow_forward
- Two mirrors are held at an angle of Ψ = 102 degrees with respect to one another. A ray of light is incident of the first mirror at an angle of θ. When it reflects off of the mirror to the next it makes an angle of Φ = 11.5 degrees. Ψ = 102 Φ = 11.5 Part (a) Write an expression for the angle of incidence θ. θ = Part (b) Numerically what is this angle? θ =arrow_forwardQ blem 9: Two mirrors are held at an angle of y-130 degrees with respect to one another. A ray of light is incident of the first mirror at an angle of 8. When it reflects off of the mirror next to it makes an angle of o-13.5 degrees. Randomized Variables i -130 t(a) Write an expression for the angle of incidence 8. a V d i m Submit B 0 8 P Part (b) Numerically what is this angle? Hent 9 a h k t ( INH + NO 4 7 89 BO 4 5 6 1 2 3 0 A END CLEAR ACKUACE I give up!arrow_forwardA ray of light strikes a flat glass block at an incidence angle of ?1 = 34.4°. The glass is 2.00 cm thick and has an index of refraction that equals ng = 1.20. A light ray incident on a glass block of thickness 2.00 cm is shown. The ray travels down and to the right and is incident to the top of the block at an angle ?1 to the normal of the surface. The ray inside the block moves down and to the right but at a steeper slope than the incident ray, making an angle of ?2 with the vertical. It is incident on the bottom surface of the block, making an angle of ?3 with the vertical, and exits moving down and to the right, at a less steep slope, making an angle of ?4 with the vertical. A dashed line extends from the original path of the ray down in the block and is shown to be a distance d from the ray that exits the glass block. (a) What is the angle of refraction, ?2, that describes the light ray after it enters the glass from above? (Enter your answer in degrees to at least 2…arrow_forward
- A ray of light is incident on an air/water interface. The ray makes an angle of theta= 33 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface. The index of the air is n1 = 1 while water is n2 = 1.33. Numerically, what is the angle in degree?arrow_forwardA beam of light traveling in air strikes a slab of transparent material. The incident beam makes an angle of 60° with the normal, and the refracted beam make an angle of 50° with the normal. What is the speed of light in the transparent material? (c = 3.0 × 108 m/s) Provide the answer: x 108 m/sarrow_forwardRefractive index of glass with respect to medium is 4/3. If (vm - vg) = 6.25 × 107 then velocity of light in medium is (a) 2.5x108 m/sec. (b) 1.5 x 107 m/sec. (c) 2.25 x 108 m/sec (d) 4.5 × 107 m/sec.arrow_forward
- Three sheets of plastic have unknown indices of refraction. Sheet 1 is placed on top of sheet 2, and a laser beam is directed onto the sheets from above so that it strikes the interface at an angle of 26.6deg with the normal. The refracted beam in sheet 2 makes an angle of 31.4deg with the normal. The experiment is repeated with sheet 3 on top of sheet 2 and, with the same angle of incidence, the refracted beam makes an angle of 36.8deg with the normal. If the experiment is repeated again with sheet 1 on top of sheet 3, what is the expected angle of refraction in sheet 3? Assume the same angle of incidence.arrow_forwardA laser beam has a velocity in a vacuum of c = 3 × 108 m/s. A student runs an experiment in which a liquid is placed in a tank of length L = 11.2 m. The time it takes for the beam to make it across the tank is timed to be t = 64 ns. (a) Write an expression for the liquid's index of refraction, n. (b) Numerically, what is this index?arrow_forwardAs sunlight enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it changes direction due to the small difference between the speeds of light in vacuum and in air. The duration of an optical day is defined as the time interval between the instant when the top of the rising Sun is just visible above the horizon andthe instant when the top of the Sun just disappears below the horizontal plane. The duration of the geometric day is defined as the time interval between the instant a mathematically straight line between an observer and the top of the Sun just clears the horizon and the instant this linejust dips below the horizon. (a) Explain which is longer, an optical day or a geometric day. (b) Find the difference between these two time intervals. Model the Earth’s atmosphere as uniform, with index of refraction 1.000 293, a sharply defined upper surface, and depth 8 614 m. Assume the observer is at the Earth’s equator so that the apparent path of the rising and setting Sun is perpendicular to the horizon.arrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning