Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 37.2, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The mutations and proteins that have involvement in some observations given.
Introduction:
Flowering in plants is a complex phenomenon that involves a number of different proteins and genetic pathways. In some plants, the phenomenon of flowering is controlled by the duration of night or dark period. In other plants, it can be due to low temperatures. There some other species in which flowering occurs independently of environmental conditions.
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You are studying a plant with tissue comprising both green and white sectors. You wish to decide whether this phenomenon is due (1) to a chloroplast mutation of the type considered in this chapter or (2) to a dominant nuclear mutation that inhibits chlorophyll production and is present only in certain tissue layers of the plant as a mosaic. Outline the experimental approach that you would use to resolve this problem.
Can you answer both questions please
(b) Based on the ABC model, what would be the predicted phenotype of a double AB mutant?
(c) In developing flowers of dioecious Spinach and Thalictrum, stamens are not developed in female flowers, and carpels are not developed in male flowers. What is the simplest model of ABC class gene expression that might explain this?
Consider the following hypothetical gene a plant g&T produces a protein that impacts the stem length. There are two alleles for GT which produces long stem and tea little tea which results in short stint. Which of the following genome types above would have a different pheno type? And what would the phenotype be for the genotype?
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- When two plants belonging to the same genus but different species are crossed, the F1 hybrid is more viable and has more ornate flowers. Unfortunately, this hybrid is sterile and can only be propagated by vegetative cuttings. Explain the sterility of the hybrid and what would have to occur for the sterility of this hybrid to be reversed.arrow_forward(a) What is the mutant that helps us to understand the adaxial identity of leaf development and the laminar outgrowth? (b) What is the mutant phenotype? (c) Which kind of protein does this gene encode?arrow_forwardExplain how (a) the absence of class B gene expression produces the flower structures seen in class B mutants (see Figure 22.15c) and (b) the absence of class C gene expression produces the structures seen in class C mutants (see Figure 22.15d).arrow_forward
- In the early 1990s, Carolyn Napoli and her colleagues were working on petunias, attempting to genetically engineer a variety with dark purple petals by introducing numerous copies of a gene that encodes purple pigment in the flower petals . Their thinking was that extra copies of the gene would cause more purple pigment to be produced and would result in a petunia with an even darker hue of purple. However, much to their surprise, many of the plants carrying extra copies of the purple gene were completely white or had only patches of color. Molecular analysis revealed that the amount of mRNA produced by the purple gene was reduced 50-fold in the engineered plants compared with wild-type plants. Somehow, the introduction of extra copies of the purple gene silenced both the introduced copies and the plant’s own purple genes. Provide a possible explanation for how the introduction of numerous copies of the purple gene silenced all copies of the purple gene.arrow_forwardWhat risks are involved in genetic engineering of crop plants? How do these risks compare with other risks involved in traditional plant breeding?arrow_forwardExplain how Ac and Ds elements produce variegated corn kernels.arrow_forward
- A mutation that breaks which of the following genes would be most likely to produce theanthocyanless phenotype of the green-stem Wisconsin Fast Plants (meaning no purple stems):PAL, CHS, C3H, FLS, or DFR? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardIn a certain species of flowering plants with a diploidgenome, four enzymes are involved in the generationof flower color. The genes encoding these four enzymes are on different chromosomes. The biochemical pathway involved is as follows; the figure showsthat either of two different enzymes is sufficient toconvert a blue pigment into a purple pigment.→ white → green → blue → purpleA true-breeding green-flowered plant is mated with atrue-breeding blue-flowered plant. All of the plants inthe resultant F1 generation have purple flowers. F1plants are allowed to self-fertilize, yielding an F2 generation. Show genotypes for P, F1, and F2 plants, andindicate which genes specify which biochemicalsteps. Determine the fraction of F2 plants with thefollowing phenotypes: white flowers, green flowers,blue flowers, and purple flowers. Assume the greenflowered parent is mutant in only a single step ofthe pathwayarrow_forwardNormally, wild violets have yellow petals with darkbrown markings and erect stems. Imagine you discover a plant with white petals, no markings, andprostrate stems. What experiment could you performto determine whether the non-wild-type phenotypesare due to several different mutant genes or to thepleiotropic effects of alleles at a single locus? Explainhow your experiment would settle the question.arrow_forward
- Consider the following hypothetical gene a plant. Gene T produces a protein that impacts stem length. There are two alleles for gene T, T which produces long stems and t which results in short stems. If gene T displays incomplete dominance, which of the following genotypes above would have a different phenotype? and What would the phenotype be for this genotype?arrow_forwardIn a variety of newly discovered rose plant, flowers are either white or red. Two genes were discovered to control flower color. Both genes, A and B, work in tandem in a biochemical pathway, and dominant forms of both genes are required for red flowers. A doubly-homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a doubly-homozygous white-flowered plant. The F1 offspring all have red flowers and are self-crossed to produce the F2. Determine the ratios of phenotypes in the F2 generation.arrow_forwardWhich of these variables is the BEST choice for transferring genes into a plant cell?arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY