Concept explainers
Introduction:
There are clusters of specialized cells present in the hypothalamus which are known as neurosecretory cells. Thin fibers or axons are grown by neurosecretory cells which end in capillary bed and connect hypothalamus to anterior lobe of the pituitary. The neurosecretory cells produce six different regulatory hormones which can be either releasing or inhibiting hormones.
Answer to Problem 1MC
Correct answer:
The neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus produce hormones which are involved in the reabsorption of water by the kidney. Therefore, option (c) is correct.
Option (c) is given as “produce hormones that regulate water reabsorption in the kidney”.
Explanation of Solution
Justify reasons for the correct statement:
The neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus are involved in the synthesis of peptide hormones, their storage, and release. The neurosecretory cells produce antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin hormone. The antidiuretic hormone maintains blood pressure, tissue water, and volume of blood by regulating the amount of water and thereby controlling the concentration of urine.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “release growth hormone and prolactin”.
The growth hormone and prolactin are released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary. Prolactin stimulates the development of mammary glands and growth hormone stimulates the growth of bone and increases synthesis of proteins. These hormones are not released by neurosecretory cells. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (b) is given as “release hormones that control hormone secretion by cells in the posterior pituitary”.
The neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus release six different regulatory hormones. All these hormones regulate the release of hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary. The hormones released by neurosecretory cells do not regulate hormonal secretion of posterior pituitary. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (d) is given as “produce hormones that stimulate glucose uptake by muscle cells”.
The hormone which stimulates the uptake of glucose by muscle cells is insulin. Insulin is produced by beta cells of the pancreas and not neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect.
The neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus form axons which end in the capillary bed in the stalk which connects hypothalamus to anterior lobe of the pituitary. These cells secrete six different regulatory hormones which regulate the hormonal secretion of the anterior pituitary. Apart from these six hormones, neurosecretory cells also release oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. The antidiuretic hormone regulates the reabsorption of water by the kidney.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology
- Which endocrine glands are associated with the kidneys? a. thyroid glands b. pituitary glands c. adrenal glands d. gonadsarrow_forwardWhich statement about the adrenal gland is false? A)The adrenal medulla responds to signals from the sympathetic nervous system. B)The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine. C)The adrenal cortex secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D)The adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids.arrow_forwardWhich is the following is an example of the nervous system directly interacting with the endocrine system? a. The secretion of cortisol early in the morning b. The continuous secretion of thyroid hormone c. The secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine during the fight or flight response d. The secretion of insulin after a mealarrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the anterior and posterior pituitary glands. a) Explain how these glands are similar. b) Explain how these glands are different. c) Choose 1 hormone secreted by each gland and describe the feedback pathway for that hormone.arrow_forwardIf the pituitary is so important, and if Eric is not getting replacements of hormones the pituitary makes (except for adh), why isn’t he dead? To answer this question, think through the cascade of events from hypothalamus to effect Is it because the hypotalamus secretes it to the blood stream directly? May I have an explanation? I'm trying to understand so that I can answer this question properlyarrow_forwardExplain the relation between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.arrow_forward
- The hypothalamus releases antidiuretic hormone that reduces urine formation in the kidney. Under which condition can the hypothalamus produce more antidiuretic hormone? a. Drinking a bottle of wine b. Eating salty food C. Having excess water in the body d. Sweating heavily during exercisearrow_forwardThis structure is a unique vascular system connecting the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary, ensuring hypothalamic hormones are delivered directly to the anterior pituitary a. Peritubular pathway b. Hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system c. Hypothalamic neurosecretory pathway d. Hepatic pituitary portal systemarrow_forwardThe_______ has both endocrine and exocrine functions. a. hypothalamus c. pineal gland b. parathyroid gland d. pancreasarrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningMedical Terminology for Health Professions, Spira...Health & NutritionISBN:9781305634350Author:Ann Ehrlich, Carol L. Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich, Katrina A. SchroederPublisher:Cengage Learning