Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 38, Problem 4MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Hormones are the class of signaling molecules which are produced by glands and are transported to the circulatory system to target different organs. The chemical structure of hormones is very diverse and can be classified into three classes, namely-peptide hormones, an amino acid derived from hormones and steroids. The hormones are involved in the regulation of behavior and physiology.
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Functions of hormones include which of the following? a. control rates of certain chemical reactions b. transport substances across cell membranes c. help regulate water and electrolyte balances d. all of the above
Which of the following statements about hormones is not correct?
A. The persistance of a hormone in the blood is usually of short duration.B. The time required for the onset of hormonal effects can vary
C. Organ responses to hormones occur as soon as receptors are bound.
D. The duration of hormone action is variable.
Endocrine downregulation ...
a) ... occurs in target cells that respond to hormones that are present in constant amounts in the blood.
b) ... leads to the increased sensitivity of the target organ to the hormone.
c) ... leads to a decrease in the number of receptors in the target cell.
d)... occurs in part due to increased receptor synthesis in the target cell.
Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 38.1 - describe the four methods of communication between...Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 38.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 38.2 - Insulin is a large, water-soluble hormone that...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 38.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 38.2 - explain the processes of negative and positive...Ch. 38.3 - A common test of thyroid gland function is to...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 38.3 - Prob. 3TC
Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 38.3 - Endocrine disruptors have most frequently been...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 38.3 - explain how negative feedback regulates the...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 5TCCh. 38 - Prob. 1MCCh. 38 - Prob. 2MCCh. 38 - Steroid hormones include a. testosterone. b....Ch. 38 - Prob. 4MCCh. 38 - Prob. 5MCCh. 38 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 38 - Most endocrine hormones fall into three chemical...Ch. 38 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 38 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 38 - The pancreas releases the hormone _________ when...Ch. 38 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 38 - The adrenal cortex releases three major types of...Ch. 38 - Which chemical class of hormones usually attaches...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2RQCh. 38 - Prob. 3RQCh. 38 - Prob. 4RQCh. 38 - Prob. 5RQCh. 38 - Prob. 6RQCh. 38 - A student rescan, her decides to perform an...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2AC
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- A cell secretes a product that diffuses through the interstitial fluid and acts on nearby cells. This process is an example of (a) neuroendocrine secretion (b) autocrine signaling (c) paracrine signaling (d) classical endocrine regulation (e) peptide hormone functionarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about polypeptide hormones is false?a. They bind to receptors located on the cell membrane.b. Most of them are lipophilic.c. They are the most abundant class of hormones.d. They normally activate second messengers.e. They bind noncovalently to receptors.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a property common between endocrine hormones, paracrine hormones, and pheromones? A. They all operate internally within an organism to stimulate different cellular responses. B. They are all secreted by dedicated glands within the endocrine system. C. They are all water-soluble hormones D. Both A and B E. None of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following is true about lipophilic hormones? a. They are freely soluble in the blood. b. They require a transport protein in the bloodstream. c. They cannot enter their target cells. d. They are rapidly deactivated after binding to their receptors.arrow_forwardThe response of a target cell to a hormone depends ona. the receptor in the target cell that binds thehormone.b. which second messengers are activated in the cell.c. the type of cell.d. all of these factors.arrow_forwardwhich of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic hormone is introduced into the body to treat the patients natural hormone insufficiently? (select all that apply? A. the target cells respond the same way as when the hormone is natural B.the synthetic hormone has no effort on the target tissues C the amount of natural hormone produced by patients body declines D the syntheyic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.arrow_forward
- The effect of hormones on their target is always a linear relationship of its concentration. a) This is incorrect. There is no measurable relationship between the concentration of a hormone and its effect on the target. b) This is true. Higher concentration always leads to stronger effect on their targets. c) This is incorrect. Some hormones have non-linear dose effects. d) This is true. Lower concentration always leads to weaker effects on their targets.arrow_forwardWhat do steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common? (A) their solubility in cell membranes (B) their requirement for travel through the bloodstream (C) the location of their receptors (D) their reliance on signal transduction in the cellarrow_forwardWhich of the following observations can be explained by the properties of hormone receptors? a) A certain tissue can react to more than one hormone b) A certain hormone affects only a specific tissue, not all tissues c) Some tissues react very quickly to a certain hormone, other tissues take many hours to react to the same hormonearrow_forward
- Specific hormone binding proteins: a. Can only bind to steroid hormones b. Facilitate fluctuations in hormone concentration c. Extend half life of hormones in circulation d. All of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the half-life of hormones is correct? a) Hormones with a short half-life are present in relatively constant amounts in the blood b) Hormones with a short half-life regulate slow functions c) Fat-soluble hormones usually have a relatively long half-life d) Fat-soluble hormone is rapidly broken down by enzymes in the blood circulation e) Water-soluble hormones usually bind to plasma proteins (transport proteins)arrow_forwardwhich of the following statements best characterizes the hormone-receptor interaction? a. receptors can have different affinities for multiple ligands b. each hormone will only interact with one type of receptor c. the hormone-receptor contact is generally irreversible d. most cells express receptors for all hormonearrow_forward
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