Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 39, Problem 10TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
There is a narrow gap between two neurons in the human nervous system. This gap is known as a synapse. The communication between two synapses occurs due to the presence of neurotransmitters. They are chemical messengers that are present in the axon terminal in the synaptic vesicle. These vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane of the presynaptic neurons and release neurotransmitters into the synapse and gets diffused. Then, it binds with the receptor of the next postsynaptic membrane.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
In the hippocampus, when glutatmate is released into the synaptic cleft, but the postsynaptic cell is NOT depolarized, there is only a small postsynaptic response. Why is this the case?
A.
Ca++ ions block the NMDA ion channel
B.
Mg++ ions block the NMDA ion channel
C.
Glutamate is an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter
D.
There are no NMDA receptors on the postsynaptic cell
John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz identified the endorphin receptor in frogs, and concluded that animals have a "built in" opioid system. To make sure that endorphins are truly neurochemicals, which of the following question should we ask these gentlemen? Please select all that apply.a) Are endorphins released in response to presynaptic depolarization?
b) Do endorphins interact with postsynaptic receptors?
c) Are endorphins found in presynaptic cells?
d) Are endorphins subject to reuptake?
In which of these ways does a metabotropic synapse differ from an ionotropic synapse? a. Its effects are slower to start and last longer. b. Its effects are faster to start and last longer. c. Its effects are slower to start and briefer in duration. d. Its effects are faster to start and briefer in duration.
Chapter 39 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 39.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 39.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 39 - An example of a synapse could be the site where:...Ch. 39 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 39 - The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to: a. cause...Ch. 39 - In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the...Ch. 39 - Which of the following does not contribute to...Ch. 39 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 39 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 39 - You learned in this chapter that Na+/K+ active...Ch. 39 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 39 - Prob. 3ITD
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forwardA presynaptic neuron in the cerebrum transmits information to hundreds of other neurons. This process is an example of (a) convergence (b) divergence (c) temporal summation (d) spatial summation (e) a graded potentialarrow_forwardCompare the primary mechanisms used by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions to clear or remove neurotransmitters? In other words, how do they terminate their neurotransmitter activity? How do they differ from each other? Question #2 Barbra Streisand, age 79, has asthma. We are considering an adrenergic drug for treatment. For Ms. Streisand, what are the drug advantages and diadvantages associciated with the use of ephedrine isoproterenol metaproterenol albuterol terbutaline Would her age be a factor in selecting the best drug? Explain. Question #3 Steven Seagal, age 69, has hypertension and asthma. We are considering treating him with an adrenergic blocker. What are the advantages and disadvantages for each of the drugs below to treat high blood pressure? doxazosin prazosin propranolol metoprolol atenolol acebutolol What needs to be included when teaching individuals suffering from high blood pressure about the use of an adrenergic blocker?arrow_forward
- If an excitatory neurotransmitter binds to the post-synaptic neuron, what type of an event will that cause? What happens if the neurotransmitter is an inhimitory neurotransmitter? What type of ion will move into the post-synaptic neuron? What type of polarizing event will occur? and What happen at the axon hillock?arrow_forwardHow do neurotransmitters directly affect the postsynaptic neuron? A)They cause a change in the electrical potential, exciting the neuron and causing it to fire b)They cause a change in the electrical potential, either exciting or inhibiting the next neuron. C)They cause a change in the electrical potential, inhibiting the neuron and stopping it from fi d)They connect with the appropriate receptor on the postsynaptic neuronarrow_forwardAlzheimer’s disease is thought to cause a DECREASE in the amount of acetylcholine (ACH) being released into the synaptic cleft in specific parts of the brain. What would be a possible treatment for this disease? (So basically- what would be a possible way to increase the amount of ACH in the synaptic cleft?)arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse? a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop b) Calcium channels have no role in this process c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleftarrow_forwardIf a patient was experiencing difficulty controlling their movement and displaying motor tremors and this problem was seen ONLY in the central nervous system (not PNS), what system in the central nervous system is likely where the dysfunction is located, what neurotransmitter would likely be related to these symptoms, and what would be the effect of blocking reuptake for this neurotransmitter if the patient was given a reuptake inhibitor for this neurotransmitter?arrow_forward. List the classes of neurotransmitters, and provide briefdescriptions of their generalized functions.arrow_forward
- For each of the following indicate either: somatomotor, sympathetic, or parasympathetic A. one neuron between CNS and target organ B. many small ganglia located immediately adjacent to the target organ C. fight, flight and matearrow_forwardCharge from depolarization along the axon reaches the axon terminal, but there is a lack of neurotransmitter release. Which of the following would cause this? Group of answer choices A. Lack of Na+ in the synaptic cleft B. Lack of Ca2+ in the synaptic cleft C. Reduced amount of K+ at the axon terminal D. Lack of voltage-gated sodium channels in the axon terminalarrow_forwardThe den network of fibers that connect the two hemispheres is called the corpus Callosum. Much of what we know about the difference between the left and right hemispheres came from the study of patients with a severe form of epilepsy. To help control the number, duration, and intensity of the epileptic seizures, The corpus callosum was cut. By studying these individuals, Roger Sperry and others learned that the two hemispheres are specialized for different types of task and different modes of thought. Which hemisphere and most people would be better at putting together a puzzle? A. Neither- this is better controlled by the cerebellum B. Both are equally good at this task C. Left D. Rightarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Nervous System - Get to know our nervous system a bit closer, how does it works? | Neurology; Author: FreeMedEducation;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O-0CVAgaEM;License: Standard youtube license