Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135755785
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 39.5, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The parts of forebrain which allow us to experience emotions and memories.
Introduction:
The emotions in humans will provoke changes in the electrical and chemical activity of the brain. When people fall in love, oxytocin will stimulate the release of dopamine by neurons in the midbrain that will send axons to several parts of the forebrain. In forebrain dopamine will contribute to the emotional attachment such as lack of fear and critical judgment of the loved ones and fond memories of times spent together. Some part of forebrain control these emotions.
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Studies have shown that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have lower than normal amounts of dopamine and norepinephrine excitatory neurotransmitters in their synapses. Methylphenidate is one of the drugs prescribed to individuals with ADHD. It prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters from the synapses, thereby keeping these neurotransmitters in the synapses longer. Which of the following rows correctly identify the effects of methylphenidate in individuals with ADHD?
Select one:
a. There is an increase in the permeability of the presynaptic neuron to potassium ions.
b. There is a increase in the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron to potassium ions.
c. There is an increase in the permeability of the presynaptic neuron to sodium ions.
d. There is a increase in the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron to sodium ions.
Studies have shown that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have lower than normal amounts of dopamine and norepinephrine excitatory neurotransmitters in their synapses. Methylphenidate is one of the drugs prescribed to individuals with ADHD. It prevents the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters from the synapses, thereby keeping these neurotransmitters in the synapses longer. Which of the following rows correctly identify the effects of methylphenidate in individuals with ADHD?
Select one:
a. There is an increase in the permeability of the presynaptic neuron to potassium ions.
b. There is a increase in the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron to potassium ions.
c. There is an increase in the permeability of the presynaptic neuron to sodium ions.
d. There is a increase in the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron to sodium ions.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs that can alleviate symptoms of depression
by blocking the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing the amount
of time that 5-HT remains active. Elevated levels of 5-HT within the synapse are associated with
feelings of well-being; conversely, low levels of 5-HT are correlated with depressive symptoms.
Recent studies have shown that SSRIs can also mediate their antidepressant effects by increasing
brain levels of certain cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFNY). IFNY directly induces the
expression of the protein p11 in neighboring neurons, which then interacts with 5-HTR4, a 5-HT
transmembrane receptor. Figures 1 and 2 provide information about this interaction.
5-HTR4 protein
(% of WT)
expression
CAMP levels (% change
control)
from
120T
100+
80+
60+
40+
20+
0
MEM
TOT
Figure 1 5-HTR4 protein expression in plasma membrane-enriched fraction (MEM) of hippocampal
lysate and in total hippocampal…
Chapter 39 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 39.1 - describe the structure of a typical neuron?Ch. 39.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 39.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 39.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 39.2 - explain how an action potential in a presynaptic...Ch. 39.2 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 39.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 39.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 39.3 - Prob. 2CYL
Ch. 39.3 - explain how the brain determines which muscles to...Ch. 39.4 - describe the anatomy of diffuse and centralized...Ch. 39.5 - John comes to the emergency room with neither...Ch. 39.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 39.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 39.5 - Prob. 1CTCh. 39.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 39.5 - distinguish between the central and peripheral...Ch. 39.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 39.5 - label diagrams of the human brain and spinal cord,...Ch. 39.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 39.5 - Prob. 5CYLCh. 39.5 - Prob. 2CTCh. 39 - Prob. 1MCCh. 39 - Neurotransmitters are typically released by a a....Ch. 39 - Automatic bodily functions such as breathing and...Ch. 39 - Prob. 4MCCh. 39 - Prob. 5MCCh. 39 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 39 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 39 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 39 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 39 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 39 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 39 - Prob. 1RQCh. 39 - Prob. 2RQCh. 39 - What are the four elements of a neuronal pathway,...Ch. 39 - Prob. 4RQCh. 39 - Prob. 5RQCh. 39 - Prob. 6RQCh. 39 - Explain the differences between short-term memory...Ch. 39 - Prob. 1ACCh. 39 - Prob. 2AC
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