Modern Physics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781111794378
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 10P
(a)
To determine
The counts per area at each angle and correct these values for the angle independent background.
(b)
To determine
Show that the corrected counts per unit area are proportional to
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In a scattering experiment, you concentrate on Alpha particles with impact parameters b=0, 1×10^-3, and 1×10^0 mm. For which b will the behavior of the Alpha particle be very different in Thomson's and Rutherford's models and for which will it be nearly similar?
< V hat is the fraction of alpha particle scattering with angles 0°, more than 1°, and more than 90° respectively? (a) 0.0125%, 0.14%, and 99.86% (b) 0.14%, 0.0125%, and 99.86% (¢) 99.86%, 0.14%, and 0.0125% (d) None of the above
The existence of the atomic nucleus was discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford, who properly interpreted some experiments in which a beam of alpha particles was scattered from a metal foil of atoms such as gold. (a) If the alpha particles had a kinetic energy of 7.5 MeV, what was their de Broglie wavelength? (b) Explain whether the wave nature of the incident alpha particles should have been taken into account in interpreting these experiments. The mass of an alpha particle is 4.00 u (atomic mass units), and its distance of closest approach to the nuclear center in these experiments was about 30 fm. (The wave nature of matter was not postulated until more than a decade after these crucial experiments were first performed.)
Chapter 4 Solutions
Modern Physics
Ch. 4.2 - Exercise 1 Find the horizontal speed vx for this...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 4 - Prob. 1QCh. 4 - Prob. 2QCh. 4 - Prob. 3QCh. 4 - Prob. 4QCh. 4 - Prob. 5Q
Ch. 4 - Prob. 6QCh. 4 - Prob. 7QCh. 4 - Prob. 8QCh. 4 - Prob. 9QCh. 4 - Prob. 10QCh. 4 - Prob. 11QCh. 4 - Prob. 1PCh. 4 - Prob. 2PCh. 4 - A mystery particle enters the region between the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4PCh. 4 - A Thomson-type experiment with relativistic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6PCh. 4 - Prob. 8PCh. 4 - Prob. 9PCh. 4 - Prob. 10PCh. 4 - Prob. 11PCh. 4 - Prob. 12PCh. 4 - Prob. 13PCh. 4 - Prob. 14PCh. 4 - Prob. 15PCh. 4 - Prob. 16PCh. 4 - Prob. 17PCh. 4 - Prob. 18PCh. 4 - Prob. 19PCh. 4 - Prob. 20PCh. 4 - Prob. 21PCh. 4 - Prob. 22PCh. 4 - Prob. 23PCh. 4 - Prob. 24PCh. 4 - Prob. 25PCh. 4 - Prob. 26PCh. 4 - Prob. 27PCh. 4 - Prob. 28PCh. 4 - Prob. 29PCh. 4 - Prob. 30PCh. 4 - Prob. 31PCh. 4 - Prob. 32PCh. 4 - Prob. 33PCh. 4 - Prob. 34PCh. 4 - Prob. 35PCh. 4 - Prob. 36PCh. 4 - Prob. 37PCh. 4 - Prob. 38PCh. 4 - Prob. 39PCh. 4 - Prob. 40PCh. 4 - Prob. 41PCh. 4 - Prob. 42PCh. 4 - Prob. 43PCh. 4 - Prob. 44P
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- (a) What voltage must be applied to an X-ray tube to obtain 0.0100-fm-wavelength X-rays for use in exploring the details of nuclei? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?arrow_forward(a) Assuming it is nonrelativistic, calculate the velocity of an electron with a 0.100-fm wavelength (small enough to detect details of a nucleus). (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable orinconsistent?arrow_forwardAn electron has a total energy of 5 MeV. a. Find its momentum in units of MeV/c. and what is the Beta value, if you are able to find it? if not, don't worry about it. Thanks!arrow_forward
- In a high-energy electron scattering experiment on the nucleus, a scientist has scientist has possibilities to use energies of 200, 2000 and 20000 MeV. Which energy should the scientist use? Do the calculations and give the necessary arguments to show why the scientist makes the right decision.arrow_forwardIn Rutherford's scattering of alpha-particles in a thin gold foil, one neglects the effect of atomic electrons on the alpha-particles. Why?arrow_forwardA certain particle of mass m has momentum of magnitude mc.What are (a) beta, (b) gama, and (c) the ratio K/E0?arrow_forward
- (a) What voltage must be applied to an X-ray tube to obtain 0.0100-fm-wavelength X-rays for use in exploring the details of nuclei? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?arrow_forwardWhat is the minimum kinetic energy of a proton in a medium-sized nucleus having a diameter of 8.0 x 10-15 m?arrow_forwardIn an alpha particle (42He) scattering experiment, using a thin gold (19779Au) foil, the initial kinetic energy of the alpha particle is 2.0MeV.(a.) What is the potential energy of the alpha particle/gold nucleus system at closest impact?(b.) Calculate the distance of closest approach. Compare this distance with the radius of the gold nucleus.arrow_forward
- A beam of α particles of kinetic energy E = 10 MeV and intensity I = 1 μ A hits a lead target [A = 207, Z = 82, ρ = 1.14 x 104 kg m-3] of thickness t = 0.2 mm. We locate a counter of area S = 1 cm2 at a distance of l = 0.5 m beyond the target at the angle θ = 40°. Neglecting, when necessary, the variation of the angle on the detector find: (a) the number of incident particles per second Ri, (b) the solid angle ΔΩ under which the target sees the detector, (c) the differential cross-section at the detector, and (d) how many hits the detector counts per second.arrow_forwardIs the angular momentum of alpha-particles in Rutherford scattering conserved?arrow_forwardSuppose the alpha particle in a Rutherford scattering experiment is replaced with a proton of the same initial kinetic energy and also headed directly toward the nucleus of the gold atom. (a) Will the distance from the center of the nucleus at which the proton stops be greater than, less than, or the same as that of the alpha particle? (b) If, instead, we switch the target to a nucleus with a larger value of Z, is the stopping distance of the alpha particle greater than, less than, or the same as with the gold target?arrow_forward
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