Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781285969770
Author: Ball
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.11E
Consider a piston whose compression ratio is
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 4 - List the sets of conditions that allow dS, dU, and...Ch. 4 - Explain why conditions for using S>0 as a strict...Ch. 4 - Explain how the equation dU+pdVTdS0 is consistent...Ch. 4 - Explain why the spontaneity conditions given in...Ch. 4 - Prove that the adiabatic free expansion of an...Ch. 4 - Derive equation 4.6 from equation 4.5.Ch. 4 - Derive equation 4.8 from equation 4.7.Ch. 4 - The third part of equation 4.9 mentions a...Ch. 4 - Calculate A for a process in which 0.160mole of an...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum amount of non-pV work that can...
Ch. 4 - Consider a piston whose compression ratio is 10:1;...Ch. 4 - When one dives, water pressure increases by 1atm...Ch. 4 - Calculate G(25C) for this chemical reaction, which...Ch. 4 - Thermodynamic properties can also be determined...Ch. 4 - Calculate G in two different ways for the...Ch. 4 - Calculate G in two different ways for the...Ch. 4 - For the reaction C(graphite)C(diamond) at 25C,...Ch. 4 - Determine G for the following reaction at 0C and...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum amount of electrical that is,...Ch. 4 - When a person performs work, it is non-pV work....Ch. 4 - Can non-pV work be obtained from a process for...Ch. 4 - Can pV work be obtained from a process for which...Ch. 4 - Batteries are chemical systems that can be used to...Ch. 4 - The value of G for any phase change at constant p...Ch. 4 - The value of G for any phase change at constant p...Ch. 4 - Under what conditions is A=0 for a phase change?...Ch. 4 - Example 4.2 calculated A for one step of a Carnot...Ch. 4 - Can CV and Cp be easily defined using the natural...Ch. 4 - Analogous to equation 4.26, what is the expression...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.30ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.31ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.32ECh. 4 - Although ideally, U=H=0 for a gas-phase process at...Ch. 4 - Use equations 4.21 and 4.25 to explain why H and G...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.35ECh. 4 - Which of the following functions are exact...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.37ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.38ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.39ECh. 4 - Equation 4.19 says that (UV)S=p If we are...Ch. 4 - For an isentropic process, what is the approximate...Ch. 4 - Use the ideal gas law to demonstrate the cyclic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.43ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.44ECh. 4 - Evaluate (U/V)T for an ideal gas. Use the...Ch. 4 - Evaluate (U/V)T for a van der Waals gas. Use the...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous exercise for a gas that...Ch. 4 - Determine an expression for (p/S)T for an ideal...Ch. 4 - Determine the value of the derivative {[(G)]/T}p...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.50ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.51ECh. 4 - A 0.988-mole sample of argon expands from 25.0L to...Ch. 4 - A 3.66-mol sample of He contracts from 15.5L to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.55ECh. 4 - Use the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation to demonstrate...Ch. 4 - For the equation 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g)...Ch. 4 - Use equation 4.46 as an example and find an...Ch. 4 - What is the value of G when 1.00mol of water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.60ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.61ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.62ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.63ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.64ECh. 4 - What is the change in the chemical potential of a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.66ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.67ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.68ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.69ECh. 4 - Can equation 4.62 be used to calculate for an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.71ECh. 4 - Of helium and oxygen gases, which one do you...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.73ECh. 4 - Use equation 4.39 to determine a numerical value...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.75ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.76E
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- At the critical point for carbon dioxide, the substance is very far from being an ideal gas. Prove this statement by calculating the density of an ideal gas in g/cm3 at the conditions of the critical point and comparing it with the experimental value. Compute the experimental value from the fact that a mole of CO2 at its critical point occupies 94 cm3.arrow_forwardWhat is the change in internal energy when a gas contracts from 377mL to 119mLundera pressure of 1550 torr, whileat the same time being cooled by removing 124.0J ofheat energy?arrow_forwardIn the equation w = P V, why is there a negative sign?arrow_forward
- When air expands adiabatically (without gaining or losing heat), its pressure P and volume V are related by the equation PV14 = C where C is a constant. Suppose that at a certain instant the volume is 310 cubic centimeters and the pressure is 87 kPa and is decreasing at a rate of 8 kPa/minute. At what rate in cubic centimeters per minute is the volume increasing at this instant? cm3 min (Pa stands for Pascal it is equivalent to one Newton/(meter squared); kPa is a kiloPascal or 1000 Pascals.arrow_forwardthe ionic compound L2O3(s) is the ionic compound formed from oxygen and a metal with the form L(s) at 1.00 bar and 298 K. (a) Draw the Lewis structure for L2O3. Assume that all the valence electrons from L are required. (b) Use the following information to determine the enthalpy of formation for L2O3(s). Express your answer in kJZ(mol L2O3(s)). Lattice energy for L2O3(s) = -14836 kJ mol1 AHsub for L(s) = 358 kJ mol 1 First ionization energy for L(g) = 577 kJ mol 1 Second ionization energy for L(g) = 1794 kJ mol 1 Third ionization energy for L(g) = 3820 kJ mol 1 Bond dissociation energy for O2(g) = 498 kJ mol 1 %3D First electron affinity for O = -141 kJ mol 1 Second electron affinity for O = 744 kJ mol 1arrow_forwardCalculate V−1(∂V/∂T)p,n for an ideal gas?arrow_forward
- The internal pressure of a gas, π = au dv)T' is a measure of intermolecular forces, because it indicates a change in internal energy as the molecules get closer or further apart, without temperature changing. = a Calculate the change in internal 1 Vm T energy, AU, when 1.5 mols of acetone (a = 16 l² atm/mo1²), expands from 2 liters to 5 liters at a constant temperature. ii) Would this change in internal energy be greater or smaller for an ideal gas? Why? i) Using the van der Waals equation of state, T = auarrow_forwardA sample of an ideal gas in a cylinder of volume 3.83 L3.83 L at 298 K298 K and 2.26 atm2.26 atm expands to 8.10 L8.10 L by two different pathways. Path A is an isothermal, reversible expansion. Path B has two steps. In the first step, the gas is cooled at constant volume to 1.45 atm1.45 atm . In the second step, the gas is heated and allowed to expand against a constant external pressure of 1.45 atm1.45 atm until the final volume is 8.10 L8.10 L . Calculate the work for path B.arrow_forwardCalculate the internal energy (in J) of a sample of 5.6 mol of an ideal monoatomic gas at 185°C.arrow_forward
- Question 8 (1 pt) Calculate the final temperature of a sample of argon of mass 12.0 g that is expanded reversibly and adiabatically from 1.0 dm³ at 273.15 K to 3.0 dm³. Cp,m = 20.786 J/Kmolarrow_forwardUse Hess's law to Calculate the AH of the reaction C₂H₂(g) + H₂(g) → C₂H,(g) from the following data. Identify the "manipulation" for each reaction C₂H₂(g) + 3 O₂(g) → 2 CO₂(g) + 2 H₂O(1) C₂H₂(g) + 3% O₂(g) 2 CO₂(g) + 3 H₂O(1) H₂(g) + O₂(g) → H₂O(1) ΔΗ = -1411 kJ AH = -1560 kJ AH = -285.8 kJarrow_forwardch2arrow_forward
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Solutions: Crash Course Chemistry #27; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h2f1Bjr0p4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY