1, 3, and 6:
Journal:
Journal is the book of original entry. Journal consists of the day-to-day financial transactions in a chronological order. The journal has two aspects; they are debit aspect and the credit aspect.
T-Accounts:
T-accounts are referred as T-account because its format represents the letter “T”. The T-accounts consists of the following:
- The title of accounts.
- The debit side (Dr) and,
- The credit side (Cr).
Adjusted
The unadjusted trial balance is the summary of all the ledger accounts that appears on the ledger accounts before making adjusting
An adjusting entry is prepared when the trial balance is not up-to-date, and complete, and they are usually prepared at the end of the accounting period. This adjusting entry is essential for preparing the financial statements of the business.
Spreadsheet:
A spreadsheet is a worksheet. It is used while preparing a financial statement. It is a type of form having multiple columns and it is used in the adjustment process. The use of a worksheet is optional for any organization. A worksheet can neither be considered as a journal nor a part of the general ledger.
Statement of owners’ equity:
This statement reports the beginning owner’s equity and all the changes, which led to ending owners’ equity. Additional capital, net income from income statement is added to and drawing is deducted from beginning owner’s equity to arrive at the end result, ending owner’s equity.
Income statement:
An income statement is one of the financial statements which shows the revenues, and expenses of the company. The income statement is prepared to ascertain the net income/loss of the company, by deducting the expenses from the revenues.
Balance sheet:
A balance sheet is a financial statement consists of the assets, liabilities, and the
Closing entries:
Closing entries are recorded in order to close the temporary accounts such as incomes and expenses by transferring them to the permanent accounts. It is passed at the end of the accounting period, to transfer the final balance.
Post-Closing Trial Balance:
After passing all the journal entries and the closing entries of the permanent accounts and then further posting them to each of the respective accounts, a post-closing trial balance is prepared which consists of a list of all the permanent accounts. A post-closing trial balance serves as an evidence to prove that the balance of the permanent accounts is equal.
To prepare: The T-accounts.
1, 3, and 6:
Explanation of Solution
Record the transactions directly in their respective T-accounts, and determine their balances.
Account: Cash Account no. 11 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 13,100 |
Account: Supplies Account no. 13 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 8,000 | |||
31 | Adjusting | 26 | 5,150 | 2,850 |
Account: Prepaid Insurance Account no. 14 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 7,500 | |||
31 | Adjusting | 26 | 3,150 | 4,350 |
Account: Equipment Account no. 16 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 113,000 |
Account: |
|||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 12,000 | |||
31 | Adjusting | 26 | 5,250 | 17,250 |
Account: Trucks Account no. 18 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 90,000 |
Account: Accumulated Depreciation- Truck Account no. 19 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 27,100 | |||
31 | Adjusting | 26 | 4,000 | 31,100 |
Account: Accounts Payable Account no. 21 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 4,500 |
Account: Wages Payable Account no. 22 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 | Adjusting | 26 | 900 | 900 |
Account: Common Stock Account no. 31 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 900 | 30,000 |
Account: |
|||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 | Balance |
|
96,400 | |||
31 | Closing | 27 | 46,150 | 142,550 | |||
31 | Closing | 27 | 3,000 | 139,550 |
Account: Dividends Account no. 33 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 3,000 | |||
31 | Closing | 27 | 3,000 |
Account: Income Summary Account no. 34 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 | Closing | 27 | 155,000 | 155,000 | ||
31 | Closing | 27 | 108,850 | 46,150 | |||
31 | Closing | 27 | 46,150 |
Account: Service revenue Account no. 41 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 155,000 | |||
31 | Closing | 27 | 155,000 |
Account: Wages expense Account no. 51 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 1 |
|
✓ | 72,000 | |||
31 | Adjusting | 26 | 900 | 72,900 | |||
31 | Closing | 27 | 72,900 |
Account: Rent expense Account no. 52 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 7,600 | |||
31 | Closing | 27 | 7,600 |
Account: Truck Expense Account no. 53 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 |
|
✓ | 5,350 | |||
31 | Closing | 27 | 5,350 |
Account: Depreciation Expense- Equipment Account no. 54 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 | Adjusting | 26 | 5,250 | 5,250 | ||
31 | Closing | 27 | 5,250 |
Account: Supplies Expenses Account no. 55 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 | Adjusting | 26 | 5,150 | 5,150 | ||
31 | Closing | 27 | 5,150 |
Account: Depreciation Expense- Trucks Account no. 56 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 31 | Adjusting | 26 | 4,000 | 4,000 | ||
31 | Closing | 27 | 4,000 |
Account: Insurance expense Account no. 57 | ||||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | |||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |||||||
2016 | ||||||||
January | 31 | Adjusting | 26 | 3,150 | 3,150 | |||
31 | Closing | 27 | 3,150 |
Account: Miscellaneous expense Account no. 59 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
January | 1 |
|
✓ | 5,450 | |||
31 | Closing | 27 | 5,450 |
2.
To enter: The unadjusted trial balances on an end-of-period spreadsheet, and complete the spreadsheet.
2.
Explanation of Solution
The unadjusted trial balance on an end-of-period spreadsheet is prepared as follows:
Table (1)
Hence, the unadjusted trial balance on an end-of-period spreadsheet is prepared and completed.
3.
To Journalize and
3.
Explanation of Solution
The adjusting entries are journalized as follows:
Date | Description | Post Ref. |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2016 | Wages expense | 51 | 900 | ||
January | 31 | Wages payable | 22 | 900 | |
(To record the wages accrued) |
Table (2)
- Wages expense is an expense account, and it is increased. Hence, debit the wages expense account by $900.
- Wages payable is a liability account, and it is increased. Hence, credit the wages payable account by $900.
Date | Description | Post Ref. |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2016 | 54 | 5,250 | |||
January | 31 | Accumulated depreciation- Equipment | 17 | 5,250 | |
(To record the equipment depreciation) |
Table (3)
- Depreciation expense is an expense account, and it is increased. Hence, debit the wages expense account by $5,250.
- Accumulated depreciation is a contra asset account, and it is increased. Hence, credit the accumulated depreciation account by $5,250.
Date | Description | Post Ref. |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2016 | Depreciation expense-Truck | 56 | 4,000 | ||
January | 31 | Accumulated depreciation- Truck | 19 | 4,000 | |
(To record the truck depreciation) |
Table (4)
- Depreciation expense is an expense account, and it is increased. Hence, debit the wages expense account by $4,000.
- Accumulated depreciation is a contra asset account, and it is increased. Hence, credit the accumulated depreciation account by $4,000.
Date | Description | Post Ref. |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2016 | Supplies expense | 55 | 5,150 | ||
January | 31 | Supplies
|
13 | 5,150 | |
(To record the supplies used) |
Table (5)
- Supplies expense is an expense account, and it is increased. Hence, debit the supplies expense account by $5,150.
- Supplies are the asset account, and it is increased. Hence, credit the supplies account by $5,150.
Date | Description | Post Ref. |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2016 | Insurance expense | 57 | 3,150 | ||
January | 31 | Prepaid insurance | 14 | 3,150 | |
(To record the insurance expense) |
Table (6)
- Insurance expense is an expense account, and it is increased. Hence, debit the insurance expense account by $3,150.
- Prepaid insurance is an asset account, and it is decreased. Hence, credit the prepaid insurance account by $3,150.
4.
To prepare: An adjusted trial balance for R interiors, as of January 31, 2016.
4.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare an adjusted trial balance for R interiors, as of January 31, 2016.
R interiors | |||
Adjusted Trial Balance | |||
January 31, 2016 | |||
Accounts | Account Number | Debit Balances | Credit Balances |
Cash | 11 | 13,100 | |
Supplies | 13 | 2,850 | |
Prepaid Insurance | 14 | 4,350 | |
Equipment | 16 | 113,000 | |
Accumulated depreciation- Equipment | 17 | 17,250 | |
Trucks | 18 | 90,000 | |
Accumulated depreciation- Trucks | 19 | 31,100 | |
Accounts payable | 21 | 4,500 | |
Wages Payable | 22 | 900 | |
Common Stock | 31 | 30,0 00 | |
Retained earnings | 32 | 96,400 | |
Dividends | 33 | 3,000 | |
Service revenue | 41 | 155,000 | |
Wages expense | 51 | 72,900 | |
Rent expense | 52 | 7,600 | |
Truck Expense | 53 | 5,350 | |
Depreciation Expense- Equipment | 54 | 5,250 | |
Supplies expense | 55 | 5,150 | |
Depreciation Expense- Trucks | 56 | 4,000 | |
Insurance Expense | 57 | 3,150 | |
Miscellaneous Expense | 59 | 5,450 | |
$335,150 | $335,150 |
Table (7)
The debit column and credit column of the adjusted trial balance are agreed, both having balance of $335,150.
5.
The net income or net loss of R interiors for the month of January.
5.
Explanation of Solution
The net income of R interiors for the month of January is $46,150.
R interiors | ||
Income Statement | ||
For the year ended January 31, 2016 | ||
Particulars | Amount ($) | Amount ($) |
Revenue: | ||
Laundry revenue | $155,000 | |
Expenses: | ||
Wages Expense | $72,900 | |
Rent Expense | 7,600 | |
Truck Expense | 5,350 | |
Depreciation Expense-Equipment | 5,250 | |
Supplies Expense | 5,150 | |
Depreciation Expense-Trucks | 4,000 | |
Insurance Expense | 3,150 | |
Miscellaneous Expense | 5,450 | |
Total Expenses | 108,850 | |
Net Income | $46,150 |
Table (8)
Hence, the net income of R interiors for the year ended January 31, 2016 is $46,150.
6.
To Journalize: The closing entries for R interiors.
6.
Explanation of Solution
Closing entry for revenue and expense accounts:
Journal Page 27 | ||||
Date | Accounts title and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) |
Credit ($) |
January 31, 2016 | Service Revenue | 41 | 155,000 | |
Income Summary | 34 | 155,000 | ||
(To record the closure of revenues account ) | ||||
January 31 | Income Summary | 34 | 108,850 | |
Wages Expense | 51 | 72,900 | ||
Rent Expense | 52 | 7,600 | ||
Truck Expense | 53 | 5,350 | ||
Depreciation Expense-Equipment | 54 | 5,250 | ||
Supplies Expense | 55 | 5,150 | ||
Depreciation Expense-Truck | 56 | 4,000 | ||
Insurance Expense | 57 | 3,150 | ||
Miscellaneous Expense | 59 | 5,450 | ||
(To close the revenues and expenses account. Then the balance amount are transferred to income summary account) | ||||
January 31 | Income Summary | 34 | 46,150 | |
Retained earnings | 32 | 46,150 | ||
(To record the closure of net income from income summary to retained earnings) | ||||
January 31 | Retained earnings | 32 | 3,000 | |
Dividends | 33 | 3,000 | ||
(To record the closure of dividend to retained earnings) |
Table (11)
Service revenue account has a normal credit balance of $155,000 in total, now to close this account, the service revenue account must be debited with $155,000 and, income summary account must be credited with $155,000.
- In this closing entry, the fees earned account balance is being transferred to the income summary account, to bring the revenues account balance to zero.
- Thereby, the income summary account balance gets increased by $155,000 and, the revenue account balance gets decreased by $155,000.
All expenses accounts have a normal debit balance, the total of expenses are $108,850 have to be closed by transferring these account balances to the income summary account. All expenses account must be credited, and the income summary account must be debited with $108,850.
- In this closing entry, all the expenses account balances are transferred to the income summary account, to bring the expenses account balances to zero.
- Thereby, both the income summary account, and the expenses account balances get decreased by $108,850.
Determined amount balance of income summary is $46,150, which has to be closed by debiting the income summary account with $46,150, and crediting the retained earnings account with $46,150.
- In this closing entry, the income summary account balance is being transferred to the retained earnings account, to bring the income summary account balance to zero.
- Thereby, the income summary account gets decreased, and the retained earnings account balance gets increased by $46,150.
Dividends account has a normal debit balance of $3,000, now to close this account, retained earnings account must be debited with $3,000 and, dividend account must be credited with $3,000.
- In this closing entry, the dividend account balance is being transferred to the retained earnings account, to bring the dividend account balance to zero.
- Thereby, the retained earnings account balance gets increased by $3,000 and, the dividend account balance gets decreased by $3,000.
7.
To prepare: The post–closing trial balance of R interiors for the month ended January 31, 2016.
7.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare a post–closing trial balance of R interiors for the month ended January 31, 2016 as follows:
R interiors Post-closing Trial Balance January 31, 2016 |
|||
Particulars | Account Number |
Debit $ | Credit $ |
Cash | 11 | 13,100 | |
Supplies | 13 | 2,850 | |
Prepaid insurance | 14 | 4,350 | |
Equipment | 16 | 113,000 | |
Accumulated depreciation- Equipment | 17 | 17,250 | |
Trucks | 18 | 90,000 | |
Accumulated depreciation- Trucks | 19 | 31,100 | |
Accounts payable | 21 | 4,500 | |
Wages payable | 22 | 900 | |
Common Stock | 31 | 30,000 | |
Retained earnings | 32 | 139,550 | |
Total | 223,300 | 223,300 |
Table (12)
The debit column and credit column of the post–closing trial balance are agreed, both having balance of $223,300.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Financial & Managerial Accounting
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- Reviewing insurance policies revealed that a single policy was purchased on August 1, for one years coverage, in the amount of $6,000. There was no previous balance in the Prepaid Insurance account at that time. Based on the information provided: A. Make the December 31 adjusting journal entry to bring the balances to correct. B. Show the impact that these transactions had.arrow_forwardLedger accounts, adjusting entries, financial statements, and closing entries; optional spreadsheet The unadjusted trial balance of Lakota Freight Co. at March 31, 20Y4, the end of the year, follows: The data needed to determine year-end adjustments are as follows: (a) Supplies on hand at March 31 are 7,500. (b) Insurance premiums expired during year are 1,800. (c) Depreciation of equipment during year is 8,350. (d) Depreciation of trucks during year is 6,200. (e) Wages accrued but not paid at March 31 are 600. Instructions 1. For each account listed in the trial balance, enter the balance in the appropriate Balance column of a four-column account and place a check mark () in the Posting Reference column. 2. (Optional) Enter the unadjusted trial balance on an end-of-period spreadsheet and complete the spreadsheet. Add the accounts listed in part (3) as needed. 3. Journalize and post the adjusting entries, inserting balances in the accounts affected. Record the adjusting entries on Page 26 of the journal. The following additional accounts from Lakota Freight Co.s chart of accounts should be used: Wages Payable, 22; Supplies Expense, 52; Depreciation ExpenseEquipment, 55; Depreciation ExpenseTrucks, 56; Insurance Expense, 57. 4. Prepare an adjusted trial balance. 5. Prepare an income statement, a statement of stockholders equity, and a balance sheet. During the year ended March 31, 20Y4, additional common stock of 6,000 was issued. 6. Journalize and post the closing entries. Record the closing entries on Page 27 of the journal. Indicate closed accounts by inserting a line in both Balance columns opposite the closing entry. 7. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.arrow_forwardThe unadjusted trial balance of La Mesa Laundry at August 31, 2016, the end of the fiscal year, follows: The data needed to determine year-end adjustments are as follows: a. Wages accrued but not paid at August 31 are 2,200. b. Depreciation of equipment during the year is 8,150. c. Laundry supplies on hand at August 31 are 2,000. d. Insurance premiums expired during the year are 5,300. Instructions 1. For each account listed in the unadjusted trial balance, enter the balance in a T account. Identify the balance as Aug. 31 Bal. In addition, add T accounts for Wages Payable, Depreciation Expense, Laundry Supplies Expense, Insurance Expense, and Income Summary. 2. (Optional) Enter the unadjusted trial balance on an end-of-period spreadsheet and complete the spreadsheet. Add the accounts listed in part (1) as needed. 3. Journalize and post the adjusting entries. Identify the adjustments by Adj. and the new balances as Adj. Bal. 4. Prepare an adjusted trial balance. 5. Prepare an income statement, a statement of owners equity (no additional investments were made during the year), and a balance sheet. 6. Journalize and post the closing entries. Identify the closing entries by Clos. 7. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.arrow_forward
- T accounts, adjusting entries, financial statements, and closing entries; optional end-of-period spreadsheet The unadjusted trial balance of Epicenter Laundry at June 30, 20Y6, the end of the fiscal year, follows: The data needed to determine year-end adjustments are as follows: (a) Laundry supplies on hand at June 30 are 8,600. (b) Insurance premiums expired during the year are 5,700. (c) Depreciation of laundry equipment during the year is 6,500. (d) Wages accrued but not paid at June 30 are 1,100. Instructions 1. For each account listed in the unadjusted trial balance, enter the balance in a T account. Identify the balance as June 30 Bal. In addition, add T accounts for Wages Payable, Depreciation Expense, Laundry Supplies Expense, and Insurance Expense. 2. (Optional) Enter the unadjusted trial balance on an end-of-period spreadsheet and complete the spreadsheet. Add the accounts listed in part (1) as needed. 3. Journalize and post the adjusting entries. Identify the adjustments by Adj. and the new balances as Adj. Bal. 4. Prepare an adjusted trial balance. 5. Prepare an income statement, a statement of stockholders equity, and a balance sheet. During the year ended June 30, 20Y6, additional common stock of 7,500 was issued. 6. Journalize and post the closing entries. Identify the closing entries by Clos. 7. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.arrow_forwardAdjusting entries and adjusted trial balances Reece Financial Services Co., which specializes in appliance repair services, is owned and operated by Joni Reece. Reece Financial Services accounting clerk prepared the following unadjusted trial balance at July 31, 20Y9: The data needed to determine year-end adjustments are as follows: Depreciation of building for the year, 6,400. Depreciation of equipment for the year, 2,800. Accrued salaries and wages at July 31, 900. Unexpired insurance at July 31, 1,500. Fees earned but unbilled on July 31, 10,200. Supplies on hand at July 31, 615. Rent unearned at July 31, 300. Instructions 1. Journalize the adjusting entries using the following additional accounts: Salaries and Wages Payable; Rent Revenue; Insurance Expense; Depreciation ExpenseBuilding; Depreciation Expense Equipment; and Supplies Expense. 2. Determine the balances of the accounts affected by the adjusting entries, and prepare an adjusted trial balance.arrow_forwardPrepare adjusting journal entries, as needed, considering the account balances excerpted from the unadjusted trial balance and the adjustment data. A. amount due for employee salaries, $4,800 B. actual count of supplies inventory, $ 2,300 C. depreciation on equipment, $3,000arrow_forward
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