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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The direction of polarity of molecule
Concept Introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.
The direction of polarity is represented by the vectors drawn towards the direction of more electronegative atom in a bonding.
(b)
Interpretation:
The direction of polarity of molecule
Concept Introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.
The direction of polarity is represented by the vectors drawn towards the direction of more electronegative atom in a bonding.
(c)
Interpretation:
The direction of polarity of molecule
Concept Introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.
The direction of polarity is represented by the vectors drawn towards the direction of more electronegative atom in a bonding.
(d)
Interpretation:
The direction of polarity of molecule
Concept Introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.
The direction of polarity is represented by the vectors drawn towards the direction of more electronegative atom in a bonding.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
- Why is it not possible to find a five-fold symmetry operation in naturally-occurring crystals?arrow_forward9. 1.4 g of glucose (C6H1206) is dissolved in 150 ml of water (final volume). What is the final number of moles and the molarity of the solution?arrow_forwardUnder what circumstance is a molecule that has a dipole not a polar molecule?arrow_forward
- Which form of lysine in Problem 18.56 is the zwitterion? What is the pI for the zwitterion?arrow_forwardConsider the following acids and their ionization constant, determine which conjugate base is HCOOH Ka = 1.7 x 10-4 (b) HCN Ka = 4.9 x 10-10arrow_forwardThe ionization of p-nitrophenol is shown below (pKa = 7.0): a. Identify the weak acid and conjugate base. b. At pH 7, what are the relative concentrations of ionized and un-ionized p-nitrophenol? c. If enough concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of p-nitrophenol to lower the pH from 7 to 5, what will happen to the relative concentrations of the ionized and un-ionized forms? d. Ionized p-nitrophenol has a yellow color, while the un-ionized form is colorless. The yellow color can be measured using a spectrophotometer at 400nm. In order to determine the total amount of p-nitrophenol in a solution, would you perform the spectrophotometer reading at an acidic or basic pH? Clearly explain why? e. A solution of p-nitrophenol at pH 7.95 was found to have an A400 of 0.255 . What is the total concentration (in µM) of p-nitrophenol (ionized plus un-ionized) in the solution? The molar extinction coefficient of p-nitrophenol is 18,500 M-1cm-1 and the pKa is 7.arrow_forward
- You have a 0.5M stock solution of NaCl (formula weight: 58.4 g/mole), a 0.15M stock solution of glucose (formula weight: 180.2g/mole), and a bottle of solid Tris base (formula weight: 121.1g/mole). How would you prepare (be specific) 25 mL of a single solution containing 10mM Tris, 15mM glucose, and 5mM NaCl.arrow_forwardWrite the chemical formula of the conjugate base of boric acid.arrow_forwardWhich form of aspartic acid in Problem 18.54 is the zwitterion? What is the pI for the zwitterion?arrow_forward