Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780534408961
Author: Stephen T. Thornton, Jerry B. Marion
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- Allow the motion in the preceding problem to take place in a resisting medium. After oscillating for 10 s, the maximum amplitude decreases to half the initial value. Calculate (a) the damping parameter β, (b) the frequency υ1 (compare with the undamped frequency υ0), and (c) the decrement of the motion.arrow_forwardC, N A uniform plank of length L and mass M is balanced on a fixed, semicircular bowl of radius R (Fig. P16.19). If the plank is tilted slightly from its equilibrium position and released, will it execute simple harmonic motion? If so, obtain the period of its oscillation.arrow_forwardA particle of mass m moving in one dimension has potential energy U(x) = U0[2(x/a)2 (x/a)4], where U0 and a are positive constants. (a) Find the force F(x), which acts on the particle. (b) Sketch U(x). Find the positions of stable and unstable equilibrium. (c) What is the angular frequency of oscillations about the point of stable equilibrium? (d) What is the minimum speed the particle must have at the origin to escape to infinity? (e) At t = 0 the particle is at the origin and its velocity is positive and equal in magnitude to the escape speed of part (d). Find x(t) and sketch the result.arrow_forward
- If the amplitude of a damped oscillator decreases to 1/e of its initial value after n periods, show that the frequency of the oscillator must be approximately [1 − (8π2n2)−1] times the frequency of the corresponding undamped oscillator.arrow_forwardThe total energy of a simple harmonic oscillator with amplitude 3.00 cm is 0.500 J. a. What is the kinetic energy of the system when the position of the oscillator is 0.750 cm? b. What is the potential energy of the system at this position? c. What is the position for which the potential energy of the system is equal to its kinetic energy? d. For a simple harmonic oscillator, what, if any, are the positions for which the kinetic energy of the system exceeds the maximum potential energy of the system? Explain your answer. FIGURE P16.73arrow_forwardConsider a damped harmonic oscillator. After four cycles the amplitude of the oscillator has dropped to 1/e of its initial value. Find the ratio of the frequency of the damped oscillator to its natural frequency.arrow_forward
- Plot a velocity resonance curve for a driven, damped oscillator with Q = 6, and show that the full width of the curve between the points corresponding to is approximately equal to ω0/6.arrow_forwardShow that, if a driven oscillator is only lightly damped and driven near resonance, the Q of the system is approximately Q2(TotalenergyEnergylossduringoneperiod)arrow_forwardReproduce Figures 3-10b and c for the same values given in Example 3.2, but instead let = 0.1 s1 and = rad. How many times does the system cross the x = 0 line before the amplitude finally falls below 102 of its maximum value? Which plot, b or c, is more useful for determining this number? Explain.arrow_forward
- In an engine, a piston oscillates with simple harmonic motion so that its position varies according to the expression x=5.00cos(2t+6) where x is in centimeters and t is in seconds. At t = 0, find (a) the position of the piston, (b) its velocity, and (c) its acceleration. Find (d) the period and (e) the amplitude of the motion.arrow_forwardAn object of mass m on a spring of stiffness k oscillates with an amplitude A about its equilibrium position. Suppose that m = 300 g, k = 10 N/m, and A = 10 cm. (a) Find the total energy. (b) Find the mechanical frequency of vibration of the mass. (c) Calculate the change in amplitude when the system loses one quantum of energy.arrow_forwardShow that the time rate of change of mechanical energy for a damped, undriven oscillator is given by dE/dt = bv2 and hence is always negative. To do so, differentiate the expression for the mechanical energy of an oscillator, E=12mv2+12kx2, and use Equation 12.28.arrow_forward
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SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (Physics Animation); Author: EarthPen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjkUcJkGd3Y;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY