Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The percent of (R)-glyceraldehyde present in the given mixture has to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The pair of Enantiomers has different configurations.
Pair of enantiomers has different optical activity, which means if one will show levorotatory then the other will show dextrorotatory.
The direction and magnitude of rotation of plane-polarized light by an optically compound is measured by using polarimeter.
This rotation of polarized light is specific for a compound at specified temperature and wavelength, so it is called as Specific rotation of that compound.
The specific rotation of enantiomers has equal magnitudes and opposite signs.
Racemic mixture (equal amounts of enantiomers) of a compound has zero specific rotation.
If the mixture contain unequal amount of enantiomers of a compound, then the amount of excess of enantiomer is called enantiomeric excess or optical purity. It is calculated by,
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 4 Solutions
CHEM 262 ORG CHEM EBOOK DIGITAL DELIVERY
- Why are some chiral drugs are sold as a mixture of enantiomers and why some are not? How enantiomers affect the biological activity of the drugs? Explain.arrow_forwardThe specific rotation of a-D-galactose is 150.7 and that of B-D-galactose is 52.8. When an aqueous mixture that was initially 70% a-D-galactose and 30% B-D-galactose reaches equilibrium, the specific rotation is 80.2. What is the percentage of a-D-galactose and B-D galactose at equilibrium?arrow_forward9 A disaccharide consists of the molecules of D-glucose and D-glucosamine joined by a (1a, 1b)-glucosidic bond. a) Draw the structure of the disaccharide (Haworth projection) if you know that in D- glucose the anomeric carbon has an a-configuration. b) Give the name of the union you drew in question a. c) Draw the structure of the product (cantilever conformation) resulting from the effect of excess acetic anhydride and pyridine on the disaccharide. Hint: D-glucosamine has the same structure as D-glucose, but C-2 has an amino group instead of a hydroxyl.arrow_forward
- There is only one aldotriose, called glyceraldehyde. Draw the two enantiomers ofglyceraldehyde.arrow_forwardThe specific rotation (s) carvone (at 20°C) is +61. A chemist prepared a mixture of (R) carvone and its enantiomer, and this mixture had an observed rotation of -55. What is the specific rotation of (R)-carvone at 20°C?arrow_forwardWhen a crystalline sample of α-glucopyranose is dissolved in water and the specific rotation is measured immediately, the observed rotation is +112°. When the same amount of βglucopyranose is dissolved, the observed rotation is +18.7°. However, over time, at room temperature, both solutions reach a specific rotation of +52.7°. Explain why these two solutions reach the same specific rotation over time.arrow_forward
- Amygdalin is a toxic component in the pits of bitter almonds, peaches, and apricots. Q.) Name the two monosaccharide units in amygdalin and describe the glycosidic bond by which they are joined.arrow_forwardIf (S)-glyceraldehyde has a specific rotation of -8.7 what is the specific rotation of (R)- glyceraldehyde? O A) -8.7° O B) 0.0° OC) +8.7° O D) cannot be determined from the information givenarrow_forwardVanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), the principal component of vanilla, occurs in vanilla beans and other natural sources as a b-d-glucopyranoside. Draw a structural formula for this glycoside, showing the d-glucose unit as a chair conformation.arrow_forward
- Like glucose, galactose mutarotates when it dissolves in water. The specific rotation ofa-d-galactopyranose is +150.7°, and that of the b anomer is +52.8°. When either ofthe pure anomers dissolves in water, the specific rotation gradually changes to +80.2°.Determine the percentages of the two anomers present at equilibrium.arrow_forwardcan you please add an explanation.arrow_forwardCellobiose, a disaccharide obtained by the hydrolysis of cellulose, is composed of two glucose units joined together in a 1→4-β-glycoside bond. What is the structure of cellobiose?arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning