INTEGRATED PRINC.OF ZOOLOGY(LL)(FD)
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781260704310
Author: HICKMAN
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL CUSTOM PUBLISHING
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Chapter 4, Problem 8RQ
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Chapter 4 Solutions
INTEGRATED PRINC.OF ZOOLOGY(LL)(FD)
Ch. 4 - State the first and second laws of thermodynamics....Ch. 4 - Explain what is meant by free energy in a system....Ch. 4 - Many biochemical reactions proceed slowly unless...Ch. 4 - What happens in the formation of an...Ch. 4 - Explain three ways that enzymes may be regulated...Ch. 4 - What is meant by a high-energy bond, and why might...Ch. 4 - Although ATP supplies energy to an endergonic...Ch. 4 - What is an oxidation-reduction reaction and why...Ch. 4 - Give an example of a final electron acceptor found...Ch. 4 - Why must glucose be primed with a high energy...
Ch. 4 - What happens to the electrons removed during the...Ch. 4 - Why is acetyl-CoA considered a strategic...Ch. 4 - Why are oxygen molecules important in oxidative...Ch. 4 - Explain how animals can generate ATP without...Ch. 4 - Why are animal fats sometimes called the king of...Ch. 4 - The breakdown of amino acids yields two products:...Ch. 4 - Explain the relationship between the amount of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1FFT
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- What type of enzyme is phosphofructokinase? And why is it in that category?arrow_forwardWhat are some types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that require pyridoxal phosphate as a coenzyme?arrow_forwardWhere does oxidative phosphorylation take place and what materials are the reactants and the products in this process?arrow_forward
- How are enzymes in Citric Acid Cycle regulated? What are these enzymes and their inhibitors?arrow_forwardWhat are the steps of beta-oxidation pathway?arrow_forwardWhy is the Krebs cycle considered part of aerobic metabolism, even though O2 does not appear in any of its catalytic reaction?arrow_forward
- What two major kinds of chemical reactions occur in the citric acid cycle, and how are these reactions indicated symbolically?arrow_forwardWhat citric acid cycle intermediates are precursors to amino acids?arrow_forwardWhich reactions of glycolysis can be reversed? Which are irreversible? What is the significance of the metabolically irreversible reactions?arrow_forward
- The enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase (MD) catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as an enzyme cofactor (or coenzyme). Answer the following questions about this reaction. See pp. 462-467 of your textbook for further information. (a) Briefly explain how we know that this reaction (malate → oxaloacetate) is an oxidation- reduction reaction. (b) Write out the two reductive half reactions and indicate the ɛº' for each half reaction. Write out the full balanced reaction for the malate to oxaloacetate reaction and indicate the Ae°l for the reaction. (c) What is the free energy change under standard state conditions (AGº') for this reaction? Which direction is spontaneous?arrow_forwardWhat is the citric acid cycle? Provide a schematic diagram of the citric acid cycle with chemical structures of each compound in the cycle. Indicate the cofactors and products at each step as well as the name of each of the enzymes involved.arrow_forwardWhat is succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)? How is it useful in determining mitochondria activity in your collected solutions?arrow_forward
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