Internet Service Provider (ISP): An internet service provider is a technique that includes the accessing service over the internet. With involvement of ISPs in the Google network, the data centres mostly use lower-level tier than the upper-level tier to create the website.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem P16P

a.

Program Plan Intro

Internet Service Provider (ISP):

An internet service provider is a technique that includes the accessing service over the internet. With involvement of ISPs in the Google network, the data centres mostly use lower-level tier than the upper-level tier to create the website.

b.

Program Plan Intro

Network Address Translation (NAT):

NAT is a method which is used to connect numerous numbers of computers to the internet using a single Internet Protocol (IP) address.

It offers the home users who using multiple computers which are used by the family members at home to connect with the internet and small businesses a cheap and efficient internet connections.

Usually, most of the companies use more than one router to connect with the internet.

But after installing NAT, the mapping is kept only at a single router. Thus, it is essential to use a same router to connect with the internet.

Multi-homing with more routers using NAT can be done by using the same router for a single connection and thus mapping is done properly.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

TCP is an internet protocol used for exchanging of data between the sender and the receiver. It is a secured protocol for transferring the data.

When the sender sends data to the receiver, he/she waits for the acknowledgement from the receiver.

If acknowledgement is received then the next data packet will be sent and the process continues till all the data packets are sent.

If acknowledgement is not received then the receiver is assumed as hacker or intruder and the connection will be removed.

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1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…

Consider the network setup in the following figure where the router is NAT-enabled. Suppose each host has two ongoing TCP connections, all to port 80 at host 128.119.40.86. Provide the six corresponding entries in the NAT translation table. Assume that the router assigns port number starting from 3000 and each host assigns port number starting in 5000

Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 126. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B backto-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 127, the source port number is 302, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. d. Suppose the two segments sent by A arrive in order at B. The first acknowledgment is lost and the second acknowledgment arrives after the first timeout interval. Draw a timing diagram, showing these segments and all other segments and acknowledgments sent. (Assume there is no additional packet loss.) For each segment in your figure, provide the sequence number and the number of bytes of data; for each acknowledgment that you add, provide the acknowledgment number.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem P16P

a.

Program Plan Intro

Internet Service Provider (ISP):

An internet service provider is a technique that includes the accessing service over the internet. With involvement of ISPs in the Google network, the data centres mostly use lower-level tier than the upper-level tier to create the website.

b.

Program Plan Intro

Network Address Translation (NAT):

NAT is a method which is used to connect numerous numbers of computers to the internet using a single Internet Protocol (IP) address.

It offers the home users who using multiple computers which are used by the family members at home to connect with the internet and small businesses a cheap and efficient internet connections.

Usually, most of the companies use more than one router to connect with the internet.

But after installing NAT, the mapping is kept only at a single router. Thus, it is essential to use a same router to connect with the internet.

Multi-homing with more routers using NAT can be done by using the same router for a single connection and thus mapping is done properly.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

TCP is an internet protocol used for exchanging of data between the sender and the receiver. It is a secured protocol for transferring the data.

When the sender sends data to the receiver, he/she waits for the acknowledgement from the receiver.

If acknowledgement is received then the next data packet will be sent and the process continues till all the data packets are sent.

If acknowledgement is not received then the receiver is assumed as hacker or intruder and the connection will be removed.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem P16P

a.

Program Plan Intro

Internet Service Provider (ISP):

An internet service provider is a technique that includes the accessing service over the internet. With involvement of ISPs in the Google network, the data centres mostly use lower-level tier than the upper-level tier to create the website.

b.

Program Plan Intro

Network Address Translation (NAT):

NAT is a method which is used to connect numerous numbers of computers to the internet using a single Internet Protocol (IP) address.

It offers the home users who using multiple computers which are used by the family members at home to connect with the internet and small businesses a cheap and efficient internet connections.

Usually, most of the companies use more than one router to connect with the internet.

But after installing NAT, the mapping is kept only at a single router. Thus, it is essential to use a same router to connect with the internet.

Multi-homing with more routers using NAT can be done by using the same router for a single connection and thus mapping is done properly.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

TCP is an internet protocol used for exchanging of data between the sender and the receiver. It is a secured protocol for transferring the data.

When the sender sends data to the receiver, he/she waits for the acknowledgement from the receiver.

If acknowledgement is received then the next data packet will be sent and the process continues till all the data packets are sent.

If acknowledgement is not received then the receiver is assumed as hacker or intruder and the connection will be removed.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem P16P

a.

Program Plan Intro

Internet Service Provider (ISP):

An internet service provider is a technique that includes the accessing service over the internet. With involvement of ISPs in the Google network, the data centres mostly use lower-level tier than the upper-level tier to create the website.

b.

Program Plan Intro

Network Address Translation (NAT):

NAT is a method which is used to connect numerous numbers of computers to the internet using a single Internet Protocol (IP) address.

It offers the home users who using multiple computers which are used by the family members at home to connect with the internet and small businesses a cheap and efficient internet connections.

Usually, most of the companies use more than one router to connect with the internet.

But after installing NAT, the mapping is kept only at a single router. Thus, it is essential to use a same router to connect with the internet.

Multi-homing with more routers using NAT can be done by using the same router for a single connection and thus mapping is done properly.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

TCP is an internet protocol used for exchanging of data between the sender and the receiver. It is a secured protocol for transferring the data.

When the sender sends data to the receiver, he/she waits for the acknowledgement from the receiver.

If acknowledgement is received then the next data packet will be sent and the process continues till all the data packets are sent.

If acknowledgement is not received then the receiver is assumed as hacker or intruder and the connection will be removed.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem P16P

a.

Program Plan Intro

Internet Service Provider (ISP):

An internet service provider is a technique that includes the accessing service over the internet. With involvement of ISPs in the Google network, the data centres mostly use lower-level tier than the upper-level tier to create the website.

b.

Program Plan Intro

Network Address Translation (NAT):

NAT is a method which is used to connect numerous numbers of computers to the internet using a single Internet Protocol (IP) address.

It offers the home users who using multiple computers which are used by the family members at home to connect with the internet and small businesses a cheap and efficient internet connections.

Usually, most of the companies use more than one router to connect with the internet.

But after installing NAT, the mapping is kept only at a single router. Thus, it is essential to use a same router to connect with the internet.

Multi-homing with more routers using NAT can be done by using the same router for a single connection and thus mapping is done properly.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

TCP is an internet protocol used for exchanging of data between the sender and the receiver. It is a secured protocol for transferring the data.

When the sender sends data to the receiver, he/she waits for the acknowledgement from the receiver.

If acknowledgement is received then the next data packet will be sent and the process continues till all the data packets are sent.

If acknowledgement is not received then the receiver is assumed as hacker or intruder and the connection will be removed.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem P16P

a.

Program Plan Intro

Internet Service Provider (ISP):

An internet service provider is a technique that includes the accessing service over the internet. With involvement of ISPs in the Google network, the data centres mostly use lower-level tier than the upper-level tier to create the website.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem P16P

a.

Program Plan Intro

Internet Service Provider (ISP):

An internet service provider is a technique that includes the accessing service over the internet. With involvement of ISPs in the Google network, the data centres mostly use lower-level tier than the upper-level tier to create the website.

Answer 8

b.

Program Plan Intro

Network Address Translation (NAT):

NAT is a method which is used to connect numerous numbers of computers to the internet using a single Internet Protocol (IP) address.

It offers the home users who using multiple computers which are used by the family members at home to connect with the internet and small businesses a cheap and efficient internet connections.

Usually, most of the companies use more than one router to connect with the internet.

But after installing NAT, the mapping is kept only at a single router. Thus, it is essential to use a same router to connect with the internet.

Multi-homing with more routers using NAT can be done by using the same router for a single connection and thus mapping is done properly.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

TCP is an internet protocol used for exchanging of data between the sender and the receiver. It is a secured protocol for transferring the data.

When the sender sends data to the receiver, he/she waits for the acknowledgement from the receiver.

If acknowledgement is received then the next data packet will be sent and the process continues till all the data packets are sent.

If acknowledgement is not received then the receiver is assumed as hacker or intruder and the connection will be removed.

Answer 9

b.

Program Plan Intro

Network Address Translation (NAT):

NAT is a method which is used to connect numerous numbers of computers to the internet using a single Internet Protocol (IP) address.

It offers the home users who using multiple computers which are used by the family members at home to connect with the internet and small businesses a cheap and efficient internet connections.

Usually, most of the companies use more than one router to connect with the internet.

But after installing NAT, the mapping is kept only at a single router. Thus, it is essential to use a same router to connect with the internet.

Multi-homing with more routers using NAT can be done by using the same router for a single connection and thus mapping is done properly.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

TCP is an internet protocol used for exchanging of data between the sender and the receiver. It is a secured protocol for transferring the data.

When the sender sends data to the receiver, he/she waits for the acknowledgement from the receiver.

If acknowledgement is received then the next data packet will be sent and the process continues till all the data packets are sent.

If acknowledgement is not received then the receiver is assumed as hacker or intruder and the connection will be removed.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 4 - Lets review some of the terminology used in this...Ch. 4 - Prob. R2RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. R3RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. R4RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. R5RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. R6RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. R7RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. R8RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. R9RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. R10RQ

Internet Service Provider (ISP): An internet service provider is a technique that includes the accessing service over the internet. With involvement of ISPs in the Google network, the data centres mostly use lower-level tier than the upper-level tier to create the website.

Solution Summary: The author explains the Internet Service Provider (ISP) and Network Address Translation (NAT).

Internet Service Provider (ISP):

An internet service provider is a technique that includes the accessing service over the internet. With involvement of ISPs in the Google network, the data centres mostly use lower-level tier than the upper-level tier to create the website.

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Chapter 4 Solutions