EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220102955479
Author: Ross
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem P17P
a.
Program Plan Intro
Host:
- A host is a computer system or any device connected to other system or device in a network to exchange the data.
- A network host provides required information or data resources, services, applications and many others to other users present in the network.
- It can be a network node related to the network address.
Network Address Translation (NAT):
- NAT is a method which is used to connect numerous numbers of computers to the internet using a single Internet Protocol (IP) address.
- It offers the home users who using multiple computers which are used by the family members at home to connect with the internet and small businesses a cheap and efficient internet connections.
- Usually, most of the companies use more than one router to connect with the internet.
- But after installing NAT, the mapping is kept only at a single router. Thus, it is essential to use a same router to connect with the internet.
- Multi-homing with more routers using NAT can be done by using the same router for a single connection and thus mapping is done properly.
Internet Protocol (IP):
Internet protocol is a process or protocol in which data is transferred between the computer systems through internet. Each computer system has its own IP address to send or receive the required data.
b.
Program Plan Intro
Host:
- A host is a computer system or any device connected to other system or device in a network to exchange the data.
- A network host provides required information or data resources, services, applications and many others to other users present in the network.
- It can be a network node related to the network address.
Network Address Translation (NAT):
- NAT is a method which is used to connect numerous numbers of computers to the internet using a single Internet Protocol (IP) address.
- It offers the home users who using multiple computers which are used by the family members at home to connect with the internet and small businesses a cheap and efficient internet connections.
- Usually, most of the companies use more than one router to connect with the internet.
- But after installing NAT, the mapping is kept only at a single router. Thus, it is essential to use a same router to connect with the internet.
- Multi-homing with more routers using NAT can be done by using the same router for a single connection and thus mapping is done properly.
Internet Protocol (IP):
Internet protocol is a process or protocol in which data is transferred between the computer systems through internet. Each computer system has its own IP address to send or receive the required data.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Most IP datagram reassembly
algorithms have a timer to avoid
having a lost fragment tie up
reassembly buffers forever.
Suppose that a datagram is
fragmented into four fragments.
The first three fragments arrive,
but the last one is delayed.
Eventually, the timer goes off and
the three fragments in the
receiver's memory are discarded.
A little later, the last fragment
stumbles in. What should be
done with it?
It is possible for a series of packets to be sent from one host to another
over the same route. Please break down the time it takes for a single
package to go from beginning to conclusion. Is it expected that one of
the delays would last a certain period of time and the other delay's
length will be more variable?
TCP sessions are full-duplex, which means that data can be sent in either direction during the lifetime of the session. Consider a session
in which the connection is established, the client sends 100 data segments, all of them are ACKed, and all of the ACKS are received by
the sender, then the session is ended by both sides closing the connect. How many segments in total have the SYN bit of the header set
to 1?
а.
209
O b. 2
6
с.
d. 4
О е. 1
Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING
Ch. 4 - Lets review some of the terminology used in this...Ch. 4 - Prob. R2RQCh. 4 - Prob. R3RQCh. 4 - Prob. R4RQCh. 4 - Prob. R5RQCh. 4 - Prob. R6RQCh. 4 - Prob. R7RQCh. 4 - Prob. R8RQCh. 4 - Prob. R9RQCh. 4 - Prob. R10RQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. R11RQCh. 4 - Prob. R12RQCh. 4 - Prob. R13RQCh. 4 - Prob. R14RQCh. 4 - Prob. R15RQCh. 4 - Prob. R16RQCh. 4 - Prob. R17RQCh. 4 - Prob. R18RQCh. 4 - Prob. R19RQCh. 4 - Prob. R20RQCh. 4 - Prob. R21RQCh. 4 - Prob. R22RQCh. 4 - Prob. R23RQCh. 4 - Prob. R24RQCh. 4 - Prob. R25RQCh. 4 - Prob. R26RQCh. 4 - Prob. R27RQCh. 4 - Prob. R28RQCh. 4 - Prob. R29RQCh. 4 - Prob. R30RQCh. 4 - Prob. R31RQCh. 4 - Prob. R32RQCh. 4 - Prob. R33RQCh. 4 - Prob. R34RQCh. 4 - Prob. R35RQCh. 4 - Prob. P1PCh. 4 - Prob. P2PCh. 4 - Prob. P3PCh. 4 - Consider a datagram network using 32-bit host...Ch. 4 - Consider a datagram network using 8-bit host...Ch. 4 - Consider a datagram network using 8-bit host...Ch. 4 - Prob. P8PCh. 4 - Prob. P9PCh. 4 - Prob. P10PCh. 4 - Prob. P11PCh. 4 - Prob. P12PCh. 4 - Consider sending a 2400-byte datagram into a link...Ch. 4 - Prob. P15PCh. 4 - Prob. P16PCh. 4 - Prob. P17PCh. 4 - Prob. P18PCh. 4 - Prob. P19PCh. 4 - Prob. P20PCh. 4 - Prob. P21PCh. 4 - Prob. P22P
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Similar questions
- R6Fragmentation of an IP datagram takes place if its size is larger than the MTU of the subnet over which the datagram will be routed. Most IP datagram reassembly algorithms have a timer to avoid having a lost fragment tie up reassembly buffers forever. Suppose a datagram is fragmented into four fragments. The first three fragments arrive, but the last one is delayed. Eventually the timer goes off and the three fragments in the receiver's memory are discarded. A little later, the last fragment stumbles in. What should be done with it?arrow_forwardIt is theoretically feasible for two hosts to communicate with one another by sending packets back and forth over the same connection. Please enumerate all of the components that are responsible for the overall amount of time required to process a single packet, starting to end. Is it to be anticipated that one of the delays will continue for a certain amount of time, while the duration of the other delay will be more unpredictable?arrow_forwardTCP sessions are full-duplex, which means that data can be sent in either direction during the lifetime of the session. Consider a session in which the connection is established, the client sends 100 data segments, all of them are ACKed, and all of the ACKS are received by the sender, then the session is ended by both sides closing the connect. How many segments in total have the SYN bit of the header set to 1? а. 4 O b. 2 с. O d. 1 е. 209arrow_forward
- In this problem we investigate whether either UDP or TCP provides a degree of end-point authentication. a. Consider a server that receives a request within a UDP packet and responds to that request within a UDP packet (for example, as done by a DNS server). If a client with IP address X spoofs its address with address Y, where will the server send its response? b. Suppose a server receives a SYN with IP source address Y, and after responding with a SYNACK, receives an ACK with IP source address Y with the correct acknowledgment number. Assuming the server chooses a random initial sequence number and there is no "man-in-the-middle," can the server be certain that the client is indeed at Y (and not at some other address X that is spoofing Y)?arrow_forwardConsider the rdt 3.0 protocol. Draw a diagram showing that if the network connection between the sender and receiver can reorder messages (that is, that two messages propagating in the medium between the sender and receiver can be reordered), then the alternating-bit protocol will not work correctly (make sure you clearly identify the sense in which it will not work correctly). Your diagram should have the sender on the left and the receiver on the right, with the time axis running down the page, showing data (D) and acknowledgment (A) message exchange. Make sure you indicate the sequence number associated with any data or acknowledgment segment.arrow_forwardIt is possible for a series of packets to be sent from one host to another utilizing the same route between the hosts. Please break down the time it takes for a single package to go from beginning to conclusion. Is it expected that one of the delays would last for a certain period of time, while the other delay's length remains open?arrow_forward
- Consider an IP packet with a length of 4,500bytes that includes a 20-byteIPv4 header ans 40-byte TCP header. The packet is forwarded to an IPv4 router that supports a Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of 600bytes. Assume that the length of the IP header in all the outgoing fragments of this packet is 20bytes. Assume that the fragmentation offset value stored in the first fragment is 0. The fragmentation offset value stored in the third fragment isarrow_forwardIn order to implement a DNS amplification attack, the attacker must trigger the creation of a sufficiently large volume of DNS response packets from the intermediary to exceed the capacity of the link to the target organization. Consider an attack where the DNS response packets are 500 bytes in size (ignoring framing overhead). a. How many of these packets per second must the attacker trigger to flood a target organization using a 30-Mbps link? A 100-Mbps link? Or a 1-Gbps link? b. If the DNS request packet to the intermediary is 60 bytes in size, how much bandwidth does the attacker consume to send the necessary rate of DNS request packets for each of these three cases?arrow_forward22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router discarding a packet is p. Consider the case of a source host connected to the source router, which is connected to the destination router, and then to the destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out and tries again. If both host-router and router-router lines are counted as hops, what is the mean number of a. (a) hops a packet makes per transmission? b. (b) transmissions a packet makes? (c) hops required per received packet?arrow_forward
- Consider a simple protocol for transferring files over a link. After some initial negotiation, A sends data packets of size 1 KB to B; B then replies with an acknowledgment. A always waits for each ACK before sending the next data packet; this is known as stop-and-wait. Packets that are overdue are presumed lost and are retransmitted. (a) In the absence of any packet losses or duplications, explain why it is not necessary to include any "sequence number" data in the packet headers. (b) Suppose that the link can lose occasional packets, but that packets that do arrive always arrive in the order sent. Is a 2-bit sequence number (that is, N mod 4) enough for A and B to detect and resend any lost packets? Is a 1-bit sequence number enough? (c) Now suppose that the link can deliver out of order and that sometimes a packet can be delivered as much as 1 minute after subsequent packets. How does this change the sequence number requirements?arrow_forwardMultiple packets may be sent between two hosts over a single connection. Could you please break down the timings for processing cargo? Is it to be anticipated that one delay would continue for a certain length of time while the other delay could be modified?arrow_forwardConsider the Go-Back-N (GBN) and Selective Repeat (SR) protocols with a sender window size of 4 and a sequence number range of 1024. For each of these protocols, describe what happens for the following cases: The first packet in the sender window size is lost before reaching the destination. All transmitted packets reached the destination except the third one. Only the first and last packets in the sender window size reached the destination. Only the ACKs of the first and last packets, in the sender window size, reached the destination.arrow_forward
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