The number of synchronous sets of cell divisions occurred after the first cell division established the embryo and the suspensor. Introduction: The development of an embryo begins after the fertilization of the egg cell. The pollen tube growing from a pollen grain enters the embryo sac or megagametophyte through the synergid and releases two sperm cells. One out of the two fertilizes the central cell forming zygote and other with polar nuclei resulting in the formation of the endosperm.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 40, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of synchronous sets of cell divisions occurred after the first cell division established the embryo and the suspensor.

Introduction: The development of an embryo begins after the fertilization of the egg cell. The pollen tube growing from a pollen grain enters the embryo sac or megagametophyte through the synergid and releases two sperm cells. One out of the two fertilizes the central cell forming zygote and other with polar nuclei resulting in the formation of the endosperm.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The embryogenesis refers to the process taking place after the fertilization of an ovule producing a zygote; the zygote then undergoes repeated divisions to form an embryo. The first cell division leads to the formation of a single row of cells and then begins to divide in different directions.

The cell division produces a three-dimensional ball of cells while the axis of the root and shoot lengthens as cells divide. The zygote is first divided into two cells by the unequal division, and the upper cell is known as vesicular cell, and the lower is the primary embryonal cell. The embryonal cell keeps on dividing to form two more cells while the

Vascular cell remains the same.

After that, suspensor cell is formed, which is 6-18 celled, and the vascular cell remains the same and enlarges to form a four-cell stage and keeps on dividing to form octant (8 celled) and then glomerular embryo (16 celled). The glomerular embryo undergoes repeated division to form a triangular (32 celled), then heart (64 celled) followed by the torpedo and heart-shaped embryo (128 celled). After the first cell division, the embryo undergoes almost six repeated divisions and forms double the number of cells in the previous stage.

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EXPERIMENT 4: INDUCTION OF CALLUS SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF HAPLOID PLANTS Objective: To prepare anther as a source of explant To induce callus somatic embryogenesis of haploid plants Procedure: Cut off the buds and sort them into 3 developmental stages based on length of buds Surface sterilize the buds in 70% ethanol for 2-3 minutes, making sure the entire bud is immersed in the alcohol. Drain off excess alcohol from the buds and aseptically excise the anthers from each bud. Remove the filaments and culture the anther on one of the agar media provided. Label the stage of development of the bud on each petri dish as the anthers are cultured. Seal the Petri dishes with parafilm. Incubate in the dark at 26 to 28ºC for 4 to 8 weeks or until small plants can be seen growing out of the anthers. Then transfer to diffuse light. Record the results of the experiment in table form and submit the report. Observation: The culture was contaminated after 8 weeks of incubation…

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You are studying a type of plant known as " rockcress" or Arabidopsis sp. You discover a mutant in which the central cell of the female gametophyte cannot be fertilized. What structure will not form in these mutant plants? Synergids Pollen tube Endosperm Egg cell

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 40, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of synchronous sets of cell divisions occurred after the first cell division established the embryo and the suspensor.

Introduction: The development of an embryo begins after the fertilization of the egg cell. The pollen tube growing from a pollen grain enters the embryo sac or megagametophyte through the synergid and releases two sperm cells. One out of the two fertilizes the central cell forming zygote and other with polar nuclei resulting in the formation of the endosperm.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The embryogenesis refers to the process taking place after the fertilization of an ovule producing a zygote; the zygote then undergoes repeated divisions to form an embryo. The first cell division leads to the formation of a single row of cells and then begins to divide in different directions.

The cell division produces a three-dimensional ball of cells while the axis of the root and shoot lengthens as cells divide. The zygote is first divided into two cells by the unequal division, and the upper cell is known as vesicular cell, and the lower is the primary embryonal cell. The embryonal cell keeps on dividing to form two more cells while the

Vascular cell remains the same.

After that, suspensor cell is formed, which is 6-18 celled, and the vascular cell remains the same and enlarges to form a four-cell stage and keeps on dividing to form octant (8 celled) and then glomerular embryo (16 celled). The glomerular embryo undergoes repeated division to form a triangular (32 celled), then heart (64 celled) followed by the torpedo and heart-shaped embryo (128 celled). After the first cell division, the embryo undergoes almost six repeated divisions and forms double the number of cells in the previous stage.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 40, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of synchronous sets of cell divisions occurred after the first cell division established the embryo and the suspensor.

Introduction: The development of an embryo begins after the fertilization of the egg cell. The pollen tube growing from a pollen grain enters the embryo sac or megagametophyte through the synergid and releases two sperm cells. One out of the two fertilizes the central cell forming zygote and other with polar nuclei resulting in the formation of the endosperm.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The embryogenesis refers to the process taking place after the fertilization of an ovule producing a zygote; the zygote then undergoes repeated divisions to form an embryo. The first cell division leads to the formation of a single row of cells and then begins to divide in different directions.

The cell division produces a three-dimensional ball of cells while the axis of the root and shoot lengthens as cells divide. The zygote is first divided into two cells by the unequal division, and the upper cell is known as vesicular cell, and the lower is the primary embryonal cell. The embryonal cell keeps on dividing to form two more cells while the

Vascular cell remains the same.

After that, suspensor cell is formed, which is 6-18 celled, and the vascular cell remains the same and enlarges to form a four-cell stage and keeps on dividing to form octant (8 celled) and then glomerular embryo (16 celled). The glomerular embryo undergoes repeated division to form a triangular (32 celled), then heart (64 celled) followed by the torpedo and heart-shaped embryo (128 celled). After the first cell division, the embryo undergoes almost six repeated divisions and forms double the number of cells in the previous stage.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 40, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of synchronous sets of cell divisions occurred after the first cell division established the embryo and the suspensor.

Introduction: The development of an embryo begins after the fertilization of the egg cell. The pollen tube growing from a pollen grain enters the embryo sac or megagametophyte through the synergid and releases two sperm cells. One out of the two fertilizes the central cell forming zygote and other with polar nuclei resulting in the formation of the endosperm.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The embryogenesis refers to the process taking place after the fertilization of an ovule producing a zygote; the zygote then undergoes repeated divisions to form an embryo. The first cell division leads to the formation of a single row of cells and then begins to divide in different directions.

The cell division produces a three-dimensional ball of cells while the axis of the root and shoot lengthens as cells divide. The zygote is first divided into two cells by the unequal division, and the upper cell is known as vesicular cell, and the lower is the primary embryonal cell. The embryonal cell keeps on dividing to form two more cells while the

Vascular cell remains the same.

After that, suspensor cell is formed, which is 6-18 celled, and the vascular cell remains the same and enlarges to form a four-cell stage and keeps on dividing to form octant (8 celled) and then glomerular embryo (16 celled). The glomerular embryo undergoes repeated division to form a triangular (32 celled), then heart (64 celled) followed by the torpedo and heart-shaped embryo (128 celled). After the first cell division, the embryo undergoes almost six repeated divisions and forms double the number of cells in the previous stage.

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Answer 5

Chapter 40, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of synchronous sets of cell divisions occurred after the first cell division established the embryo and the suspensor.

Introduction: The development of an embryo begins after the fertilization of the egg cell. The pollen tube growing from a pollen grain enters the embryo sac or megagametophyte through the synergid and releases two sperm cells. One out of the two fertilizes the central cell forming zygote and other with polar nuclei resulting in the formation of the endosperm.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The embryogenesis refers to the process taking place after the fertilization of an ovule producing a zygote; the zygote then undergoes repeated divisions to form an embryo. The first cell division leads to the formation of a single row of cells and then begins to divide in different directions.

The cell division produces a three-dimensional ball of cells while the axis of the root and shoot lengthens as cells divide. The zygote is first divided into two cells by the unequal division, and the upper cell is known as vesicular cell, and the lower is the primary embryonal cell. The embryonal cell keeps on dividing to form two more cells while the

Vascular cell remains the same.

After that, suspensor cell is formed, which is 6-18 celled, and the vascular cell remains the same and enlarges to form a four-cell stage and keeps on dividing to form octant (8 celled) and then glomerular embryo (16 celled). The glomerular embryo undergoes repeated division to form a triangular (32 celled), then heart (64 celled) followed by the torpedo and heart-shaped embryo (128 celled). After the first cell division, the embryo undergoes almost six repeated divisions and forms double the number of cells in the previous stage.

Answer 6

Chapter 40, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of synchronous sets of cell divisions occurred after the first cell division established the embryo and the suspensor.

Introduction: The development of an embryo begins after the fertilization of the egg cell. The pollen tube growing from a pollen grain enters the embryo sac or megagametophyte through the synergid and releases two sperm cells. One out of the two fertilizes the central cell forming zygote and other with polar nuclei resulting in the formation of the endosperm.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The embryogenesis refers to the process taking place after the fertilization of an ovule producing a zygote; the zygote then undergoes repeated divisions to form an embryo. The first cell division leads to the formation of a single row of cells and then begins to divide in different directions.

The cell division produces a three-dimensional ball of cells while the axis of the root and shoot lengthens as cells divide. The zygote is first divided into two cells by the unequal division, and the upper cell is known as vesicular cell, and the lower is the primary embryonal cell. The embryonal cell keeps on dividing to form two more cells while the

Vascular cell remains the same.

After that, suspensor cell is formed, which is 6-18 celled, and the vascular cell remains the same and enlarges to form a four-cell stage and keeps on dividing to form octant (8 celled) and then glomerular embryo (16 celled). The glomerular embryo undergoes repeated division to form a triangular (32 celled), then heart (64 celled) followed by the torpedo and heart-shaped embryo (128 celled). After the first cell division, the embryo undergoes almost six repeated divisions and forms double the number of cells in the previous stage.

Answer 7

Chapter 40, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of synchronous sets of cell divisions occurred after the first cell division established the embryo and the suspensor.

Introduction: The development of an embryo begins after the fertilization of the egg cell. The pollen tube growing from a pollen grain enters the embryo sac or megagametophyte through the synergid and releases two sperm cells. One out of the two fertilizes the central cell forming zygote and other with polar nuclei resulting in the formation of the endosperm.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The embryogenesis refers to the process taking place after the fertilization of an ovule producing a zygote; the zygote then undergoes repeated divisions to form an embryo. The first cell division leads to the formation of a single row of cells and then begins to divide in different directions.

The cell division produces a three-dimensional ball of cells while the axis of the root and shoot lengthens as cells divide. The zygote is first divided into two cells by the unequal division, and the upper cell is known as vesicular cell, and the lower is the primary embryonal cell. The embryonal cell keeps on dividing to form two more cells while the

Vascular cell remains the same.

After that, suspensor cell is formed, which is 6-18 celled, and the vascular cell remains the same and enlarges to form a four-cell stage and keeps on dividing to form octant (8 celled) and then glomerular embryo (16 celled). The glomerular embryo undergoes repeated division to form a triangular (32 celled), then heart (64 celled) followed by the torpedo and heart-shaped embryo (128 celled). After the first cell division, the embryo undergoes almost six repeated divisions and forms double the number of cells in the previous stage.