Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 14TYU
Test Your Understanding
Evaluate and Synthesize
14. VISUALIZE construct a cladogram based on the following data. Mosses are plants with no vascular tissue. Horse-tails, ferns, gymnosperms (pines and other plants with naked seeds), and
Figure 23-9 Constructing a cladogram using outgroup analysis
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Now you will practice identifying the phylogenetic tree that corresponds to a given character table. The following table shows three key events in the evolution of plants: the development of vascular tissue, the development of flowers, and the development of seeds.
Plant groups
Vascular Tissue
Flowers
Seeds
Gymnosperms
1
0
1
Mosses
0
0
0
Ferns
1
0
0
Angiosperms
1
1
1
Select the phylogenetic tree that correctly represents the data in the character table.
Create a hypothetical phylogenetic tree using 11 plant species listed below.
Chara, Nitella, Marchantia, Polytrichum, Equistem, Psilotum, Polypodium, Pinus, Zamia, Arabidopsis, and Lilium.
Divide the species into five specific groups (Charophytes, Bryophytes, Monolithophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms) which will be the clades of your phylogenetic tree.
I need handwritten cursive answers if not i will rate u boo and answer it all ty
Question:
BOTANY
Fill in the following information.
Clade: Basal Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Representative species: Nymphaea rustica 'Indiana'
Habit:
Inflorescence:
Floral Symmetry:
Number of Sepals:
Number of Petals:
Number of Filaments:
Number of Stigma:
Ovary position:
Fruit type:
Other characteristics:
Clade: Basal Angiosperms
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Magnoliaceae
Representative species: Magnolia soulangeana
Habit:
Inflorescence:
Floral Symmetry:
Number of Sepals:
Number of Petals:
Number of Filaments:
Number of Stigma:
Ovary position:
Fruit type:
Other characteristics:
Clade: Basal Angiosperms
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Representative species: Eremogone congesta
Habit:
Inflorescence:
Floral Symmetry:
Number of Sepals:
Number of Petals:
Number of Filaments:
Number of Stigma:
Ovary position:
Fruit type:…
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 23.1 - State two justifications for the use of scientific...Ch. 23.1 - Describe the binomial system of naming organisms...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 23.1 - What are the key features of the system of...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 23.2 - What are the major groups of organisms that belong...Ch. 23.2 - In what specific ways does a cladogram give us...
Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.3 - Critically review the difficulties encountered in...Ch. 23.3 - Apply the concept of shared derived characters to...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 23.3 - Contrast monophyletic, paraphyletic, and...Ch. 23.3 - How are shared ancestral characters and shared...Ch. 23.3 - Why dont shared ancestral characters provide...Ch. 23.3 - How is molecular biology contributing to the...Ch. 23.3 - Systematisms prefer to recognize monophyletic taxa...Ch. 23.4 - Contrast the traditional classification with the...Ch. 23.4 - Describe the construction of a cladogram by using...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 12LOCh. 23.4 - In what way do systematists use shared derived...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 23.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.5 - Describe how phylogenetic information applied to...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3....Ch. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 4. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 9. In...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYU
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- Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize 18. EVOLUTION LINK Where would you place the progymnosperms on Figure 28-2? Explain your reasoning. Figure 28-2 Gymnosperm and angiosperm evolution This cladogram shows a current hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among living seed plants, based on structural evidence, molecular comparisons, and fossils. Relationships among extant gymnosperm clades and angiosperms remain controversial. The arrangement of the phyla shown here may change as future analyses help clarify relationships.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 11. This flowering plant may be the nearest living relative to the ancestor of all flowering plants, (a) Amborella (b) Archaeopteris (c) Gnetum (d) water lily (e) magnoliaarrow_forwardEvaluate and Synthesize 15. INTERPRET DATA According to the cladogram in Figure 27-5, which plants evolved first: nonvascular bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, or seed plants?arrow_forward
- Know and Comprehend 12. Which of the following statements about ferns is not true? (a) ferns have motile sperm cells that swim through water to the egg-containing archegonium (b) ferns are vascular plants (c) ferns are the most economically important group of bryophytes (d) the fern sporophyte consists of a rhizome, roots, and fronds (e) the diversity of ferns is greatest in the tropicsarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 13. You are given a plant that you have never seen before (see figure). Is it a gymnosperm or angiosperm? A monocot or eudicot? What are the features that helped you make these determinations?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. Seed plants lack which of the following structure(s)? (a) ovules surrounded by integuments (b) microspores and megaspores (c) vascular tissues (d) a large, nutritionally independent sporophyte (e) a large, nutritionally independent gametophytearrow_forward
- Give typed full explanation Which of the following statements is TRUE for the labeled structures? (Choose all the correct answers) a. The structures labeled with the letter a are genetically identical to each other. b. The structure labeled with the letter b is the gametophyte. c. The structures labeled with the letter c (the sperm produced by one antheridium) are genetically different from each other. d. The structure labeled with the letter d is the sporophyte.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 6. There are at least _______________ species of flowering plants worldwide. (a) 300 (b) 3000 (c) 30,000 (d) 300,000 (e) 3,000,000arrow_forwardConstruct a cladogram based on the following data. Mosses are plants with no vascular tissue. Horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (pines and other plants with naked seeds), and angiosperms (flowering plants) are all vascularplants. Seeds are absent in all but the gymnosperms and angiosperms. Angiosperms are the only seed plants with flowersarrow_forward
- SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS Observe two different types of mushroom. 1. What makes them similar and different to one another? 2. Compare and contrast their characteristics. Why do these characteristics and traits appear in each mushroom?arrow_forwardWhat key traits distinguish each group from the other listed in the comparison? A) All land plants from green algae? B) Pteridophyta (ferns) from Bryophyta (mosses)? C) Angiosperms from ferns?arrow_forward1. Describe the interrelationships among the different gymnosperm lineages, as inferred from the two cladograms. What are the common patterns you see in the two figures, and in what ways do they differ? 2. Based on the cladograms , what can you say about an early interpretation or hypothesis that the gnetophytes are probably the sister lineage of the angiosperms? Support with the pattern you see in the cladograms. 3. Linnean- or rank based classification systems have placed the cycads, ginkgo, conifers and gnetophytes, respectively, into separate categories, of equal ranking (i.e., each gymnosperm group a Phylum or Division). Is the Linnaean classification of each gymnosperm group justifiable, based on the information shown in the figures?arrow_forward
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