CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-MOD.MASTERING
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135191811
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 40.6, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? Mice that experience stress such as a food shortage will sometimes abandon their young. Explain how this behavior might have evolved in the context of reproductive trade-offs and life history.
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K-selected reproductive strategies are favoured when adult survival is high, and populations are close to their carrying capacities. Explain the role of allocation in the evolution of such strategies in guppies
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Chapter 40 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-MOD.MASTERING
Ch. 40.1 - Explain how the suns unequal heating of Earths...Ch. 40.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 40.1 - WHAT IF? If global warming increases average...Ch. 40.2 - Why are phytoplankton and not benthic algae or...Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 40.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The addition of nutrients to a...Ch. 40.3 - Give examples of human actions that could expand a...Ch. 40.3 - WHAT IF? You suspect that deer are restricting the...Ch. 40.4 - DRAW IT Each female of a particular fish species...Ch. 40.4 - Imagine that you are constructing a life table for...
Ch. 40.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40.5 - Explain why a constant per capita rate of growth...Ch. 40.5 - Explain why a population that fits the logistic...Ch. 40.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 40.6 - WHAT IF? Mice that experience stress such as a...Ch. 40.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40 - Which of the following biomes is correctly paired...Ch. 40 - A populations carrying capacity A. may change as...Ch. 40 - When climbing a mountain, we can observe...Ch. 40 - According to the logistic growth equation...Ch. 40 - WHAT IF? If the direction of Earths rotation...Ch. 40 - INTERPRET THE DATA After examining Figure 40.13,...Ch. 40 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Jens Clausen and colleagues, at...Ch. 40 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 40 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS In a short essay (100-150...Ch. 40 - Prob. 10TYU
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- INTERPRET DATA Look at the two graphs in Figure 52-21. In which experiment did the parentals in the experimental group guard the eggs more closely? In which experiment did the experimental parentals guard the young more closely? Account for these differences. RESULTS: Experiment 1: As indicated on the y-axis, which measures level of parental care, parentals reduced their level of guarding the eggs. Eight of the males in the experimental group abandoned their nests, and egg defense was significantly lower in this group compared with that in the control group. However, after eggs hatched, there was little difference in parental care of the young between the two groups. Experiment 2: During the egg phase, there was little difference in level of parental care between experimental and control groups. However, after eggs hatched, the experimental parentals significantly decreased their level of guarding the nest. CONCLUSION: Male bluegill sunfish adjust their level of parental care according to their level of perceived paternity. In Experiment 1, parentals provided less care when they perceived that the eggs may have been fertilized by sneaker males. After the eggs hatched, olfactory cues indicated that the offspring were indeed their own, and their level of care increased. In Experiment 2, parentals cared for the eggs even though some had been swapped. However, after they hatched, olfactory cues from the offspring indicated that they were not the parentals own offspring. The level of parental care decreased significantly. SOURCE: B.D. Neff, Nature, Vol. 422 (April 17, 2003): 716719. Figure 52-21 Decisions about parental carearrow_forwardIn the eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus), mothers sometimes take parental favoritism to extreme lengths by killing their sons, but never their daughters (Heinsohn et al. 2011). Sex-specific infanticide occurs more often at nests that can be flooded during the rainy season. Sons spend longer in the nest than daughters. Link this factor to why it might be adaptive for a parent parrot to kill a son in a vulnerable nest occupied by offspring of both sexes. Don't write from any online source..arrow_forwardAll of the following scenarios are examples of barriers that distinguish separate species. Which is not a post-zygotic barrier? Two species of ladybugs live in the same habitat. Although they mate at the same time of year, their genitals are physically incompatible. Two species of fish inhabit the same stream. They are capable of mating and producing healthy offspring. The offspring, however, are infertile. and 2 Two species of opossums inhabit the same forest. Although they are capable of mating, no offspring ever survive development. hschool 3, Two species of mice coexist in a forest habitat. They are capable of mating and producing offspring. The offspring, however, are frail and die young. When Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands, he observed the marine iguana. He later decided that the marine iguana evolved from the terrestrial iguana found on the mainland of South America. The marine iguana differs from the terrestrial iguana in several ways. The marine iguana has a flat…arrow_forward
- WHAT IF? Suppose you applied Hamilton’s logic to asituation in which one individual is past reproductiveage. Could there still be selection for an altruistic act?arrow_forwardQ2.16. When heavily armored marine sticklebacks have invaded freshwater lakes where there are no predatory fish, their populations have evolved lighter body armor. Given what you've learned about evolution, which of the following explanations for why this happens is most plausible? O Young sticklebacks only grow heavy armor when they see predatory fish in their environment. O When sticklebacks don't use their armor, it shrinks. Then they pass lighter armor to their offspring. Concentrated pollutants in freshwater lakes disrupt the sticklebacks' ability to grow armor. O Heavily armored fish grow more slowly and breed later, making armor disadvantageous in these lakes.arrow_forwardInfanticide by adult males… Group of answer choices is rare in most primate groups is not resisted by females, including the mother may be a strategy used to maximize an individual’s own reproductive success is performed as a means of intentional population control to limit overpopulation appears to serve no function other than domination of a group by a new alpha malearrow_forward
- Conservation biologists have altered the evolution of salmon populations in captive-breeding programs. Wild female salmon tend to produce fewer large eggs because the large eggs contain more nutrients for the off spring, giving each individual a greater chance to survive. After just a few generations, however, captive-bred females now lay greater numbers of small eggs. Suggest a possible adaptive advantage for many small eggs in the captive-bred environment. What would you predict regarding the reproductive success of captive-bred females released in the wild?arrow_forwardResearch and find a K-selected species (other than humans), and explain the pressures and resources that impact this strategy. Also explain how your chosen organism works to combat pressures of selection, resource availability, and environmental stressors that impact successful offspring production.arrow_forwardQ1: Chihuahua and Great Dane dogs are of the same species but do not usually mate, why? A. Because chihuahua are usually located in Asia and Great Danes are from EuropeB. Because their reproductive organs are not compatibleC. Because their sperm and their egg will not recognize each otherD. Because chihuahua/great dane do not recognize the courtship of each other Q2: During his time, even if his contributions to the field of taxonomy is significant, he did not believe that resemblances are due to evolution, but of the Divine creation. A. Jean-Baptiste LamarckB, Gregor MendelC. Carolus LinnaeusD. Charles Darwin Q3: This theory suggests that eukaryotic cells emerged from prokaryotic cells. A. EndosymbiosisB. Theory of Use and DisuseC. PhagocytosisD. Speciation Theoryarrow_forward
- Females of a lizard species each produced, on average, about 15 eggs during one breeding season, and about the same number of eggs during each of the next four breeding seasons. This suggests that Group of answer choices the cost of reproduction is relatively high for these females the idea of trade-offs does not apply to this species the cost of reproduction is relatively low for these females this species is semelparous there must be high mortality among females in this speciesarrow_forwardMating success Reproductive success Mating success 80 80 Reproductive success 15 12 60 60 12 40 40 6. 20 20 3. 15 30 30 12 6. 20 20 4 10 10 2. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Number of mates 0 100 200 300 Number of offspring 0 1 2 34 Number of mates 0 40 80 120 Number of offspring Figure 2. Distributions showing variation in mating and reproductive success in male (upper) and female (lower) of Rough-Skinned Newts (left) and Broad-nosed Pipefish (right). 3. Which species would you predict would exhibit the greatest degree of sexual dimorphism? Use sexual selection theory to support your answer.arrow_forwardMating success Reproductive success Mating success 80 80 Reproductive success 15 12 60 60 12 40 40 6. 20 20 3. 15 30 30 12 6. 20 20 4 10 10 2. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Number of mates 0 100 200 300 Number of offspring 0 1 2 34 Number of mates 0 40 80 120 Number of offspring Figure 2. Distributions showing variation in mating and reproductive success in male (upper) and female (lower) of Rough-Skinned Newts (left) and Broad-nosed Pipefish (right). 2. In which of the two species would you predict the costs of reproduction between males and females is more similar and why? Number of females Number of malesarrow_forward
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