Concept explainers
Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling challenge is to draw a model showing how smooth muscle contraction affects the width of a tube such as a bronchiole.
Modeling Challenge: Smooth muscle often surrounds tubelike structures in animal bodies, where it controls the degree to which the tubes are opened. In the disease asthma, smooth muscle tissue in the small air tubes called bronchioles is sometimes in a highly contracted state. Shown below is a model of a fully opened bronchiole in a human. Draw another model of the bronchiole as you think it will appear when the person is experiencing asthmatic symptoms (contracted smooth muscle tissue). Referring to your model, explain why individuals with asthma have difficulty breathing when their symptoms flare up.
A healthy bronchiole in a human lung. Note that the smooth muscle tissue is in a relaxed state, and the bronchiole is fully opened.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 41 Solutions
Biology
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (12th Edition) (What's New in Microbiology)
- Pls help ASAP and show all work and stepsarrow_forwardQ.3 How far apart in seconds are the twitches from each other in the recording above?arrow_forwardExercise 12.21. A hospital has identified nonrandom variations in patient falls. Draw a flow chart showing under what circumstances a patient might fall. Construct a cause-and-effect diagram showing the potential causes of falls. Develop a Pareto diagram to prioritize the causes of falls for planning to solve the problem.arrow_forward
- B- Explain how feed-back mechanism control respiratory rats when a person is at rest and when a person is exercising. What kind of feed-back?arrow_forwardHuman Anatomy & Physiology I (BIO168) Sequence of Events for Muscle Contraction Practice Worksheet See if you can place the events that occur during muscle contraction and relaxation in their proper order. Insert numbers in the paces provided to order the events in the proper sequence. _____ A. An electrical impulse travels over the sarcolemma and inward along the T-tubules, causing sacs in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium. ____ B. The release of ACh stops and acetylcholinesterase breaks down any remaining ACh. _____ C. Troponin and tropomyosin prevent the myosin heads from grasping the thin filament, and the muscle fiber relaxes. _____ D. An electrical impulse causes small vesicles at the end of a motor neuron to release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). _____ E. Calcium binds with the troponin on the actin filament, exposing attachment points. _____ F. ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft, where it stimulates receptors in the…arrow_forwardYour exercise assessment determined the Max VO 2 to be 10-METs which is an oxygen consumption of approximately ? 10 ml . kg -1 . min -1. ? 30 ml . kg -1 . min -1. ? 35 ml . kg -1 . min -1. ? 40 ml . kg -1 . min -1.arrow_forward
- VII. Real life problem. You are a trainer and are called on to the field where a player is down with a severe cramp of his right hamstring (biceps femoris) muscle. You know that cramps are caused by over-active motor nerve activity to the muscle. Your associates want to stretch the cramping hamstring, but you say, “No! I want the player to concentrate on contracting his right quadriceps muscles before we stretch.” 2. Why would contracting the opposing muscle rapidly improve the situation?arrow_forwardQ45: select all that apply, more than ONE correct answerarrow_forwardEvaluate and Synthesize 9. INTERPRET DATA Examine Figure 40-13. Based on the summation of two stimuli shown in that graph, draw a curve showing summation when the muscle fiber is stimulated three times. Figure 40-13 Summation and tetanusarrow_forward
- Fatigue is not well understood. Some factors that have been proposed to explain the fall in force duringfatigue include: changes in the 'sense of effort', loss of 'central drive', failure of neuromuscular propagation, reduction in calcium release in excitation- contraction coupling, metabolic changes in the muscle, and reduction in muscle blood flow owing to compression of blood vessels. 1. Do your experiments help to decide which factors are important?arrow_forwardExplain the physiological mechanisms involved in increased respiratory rate during exercise (400 words)arrow_forwardPlease answer fast Q 1.Can you answer this in detail please and for the compare and contrast one, can you make it like a table please? Thank you so much a.Explain the anatomical organization of respiratory and circulatory systems and how they are functionally related. b.Describe the evolution of lungs from a gas bladder precursor. c.Compare and contrast the gross and microscopic anatomy and physiology of respiratory exchange organs of fish, frogs and mammals. d.Compare and contrast the anatomy and physiology of the lower respiratory organs of Tetrapods.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning