Chapter 4.11, Problem 24ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Each group attached to the chair as being in an axial or equatorial positon has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Chair conformation:

Step 1: Draw a wide V.

Step 2: Draw a line going down at a ${60}^{\circ }$ angle, ending just before the center of the V.

Step 3: Draw a line parallel to the left side of the V, ending just before the left side of the V.

Step 4: Draw a line parallel to the line from step 2, going down exactly as low as that line.

Step 5: Connect the dots.

Drawing Axial and Equatorial substituents:

Each carbon in cyclohexane can bear two substituents. One group is said to occupy an axial position, which is parallel to a vertical axis passing through the center of the ring. the other group is said to occupy an equatorial position, which is positioned approximately along the equator of the ring.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Each of the missing hydrogen atoms connected to the six-membered ring has to be drawn and each has to be properly positioned in an axial or equatorial position.

Concept Introduction:

Drawing Axial and Equatorial substituents:

Each carbon in cyclohexane can bear two substituents. One group is said to occupy an axial position, which is parallel to a vertical axis passing through the center of the ring. the other group is said to occupy an equatorial position, which is positioned approximately along the equator of the ring.