Fundamentals of Physics, Volume 1, Chapter 1-20
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781118233764
Author: David Halliday
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 42, Problem 4P
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the energy must an α-particle have if it is headed directly towards an Au nucleus, and it just barely touches the Au nucleus.
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In a Rutherford scattering experiment, assume that an incident alpha particle (radius 1.80 fm) is headed directly toward a target gold nucleus (radius 6.23 fm).What energy must the alpha particle have to just barely “touch” the gold nucleus?
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Chapter 42 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics, Volume 1, Chapter 1-20
Ch. 42 - Prob. 1QCh. 42 - Prob. 2QCh. 42 - Prob. 3QCh. 42 - Prob. 4QCh. 42 - Prob. 5QCh. 42 - Prob. 6QCh. 42 - Prob. 7QCh. 42 - Prob. 8QCh. 42 - Prob. 9QCh. 42 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 42 - Prob. 11QCh. 42 - Prob. 12QCh. 42 - a Which of the following nuclides are magic:...Ch. 42 - Prob. 14QCh. 42 - Prob. 15QCh. 42 - Prob. 1PCh. 42 - Prob. 2PCh. 42 - A 10.2 MeV Li nucleus is shot directly at the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4PCh. 42 - Prob. 5PCh. 42 - Prob. 6PCh. 42 - Prob. 7PCh. 42 - Prob. 8PCh. 42 - Prob. 9PCh. 42 - Prob. 10PCh. 42 - Prob. 11PCh. 42 - Prob. 12PCh. 42 - Prob. 13PCh. 42 - Prob. 14PCh. 42 - Prob. 15PCh. 42 - Prob. 16PCh. 42 - Prob. 17PCh. 42 - Prob. 18PCh. 42 - Prob. 19PCh. 42 - Prob. 20PCh. 42 - Prob. 21PCh. 42 - Prob. 22PCh. 42 - Prob. 23PCh. 42 - A penny has a mass of 3.0 g. Calculate the energy...Ch. 42 - Prob. 25PCh. 42 - Prob. 26PCh. 42 - Prob. 27PCh. 42 - Prob. 28PCh. 42 - Prob. 29PCh. 42 - The half-life of a particular radioactive isotope...Ch. 42 - Prob. 31PCh. 42 - Prob. 32PCh. 42 - Prob. 33PCh. 42 - Calculate the mass of a sample of initially pure...Ch. 42 - Prob. 35PCh. 42 - Prob. 36PCh. 42 - Prob. 37PCh. 42 - A dose of 8.60 Ci of a radioactive isotope is...Ch. 42 - Prob. 39PCh. 42 - Prob. 40PCh. 42 - Prob. 41PCh. 42 - Prob. 42PCh. 42 - Prob. 43PCh. 42 - Prob. 44PCh. 42 - Prob. 45PCh. 42 - Prob. 46PCh. 42 - Prob. 47PCh. 42 - Prob. 48PCh. 42 - Prob. 49PCh. 42 - Prob. 50PCh. 42 - Prob. 51PCh. 42 - Prob. 52PCh. 42 - Prob. 53PCh. 42 - Prob. 54PCh. 42 - Prob. 55PCh. 42 - Prob. 56PCh. 42 - Prob. 57PCh. 42 - Prob. 58PCh. 42 - Prob. 59PCh. 42 - Prob. 60PCh. 42 - Prob. 61PCh. 42 - Prob. 62PCh. 42 - Prob. 63PCh. 42 - Prob. 64PCh. 42 - Prob. 65PCh. 42 - Prob. 66PCh. 42 - Prob. 67PCh. 42 - Prob. 68PCh. 42 - Prob. 69PCh. 42 - Prob. 70PCh. 42 - Prob. 71PCh. 42 - Prob. 72PCh. 42 - Prob. 73PCh. 42 - Prob. 74PCh. 42 - Prob. 75PCh. 42 - Prob. 76PCh. 42 - Prob. 77PCh. 42 - Prob. 78PCh. 42 - Prob. 79PCh. 42 - Prob. 80PCh. 42 - Prob. 81PCh. 42 - Prob. 82PCh. 42 - Prob. 83PCh. 42 - Prob. 84PCh. 42 - Prob. 85PCh. 42 - Prob. 86PCh. 42 - Prob. 87PCh. 42 - Characteristic nuclear time is a useful but...Ch. 42 - Prob. 89PCh. 42 - Using a nuclidic chart, write the symbols for a...Ch. 42 - If the unit for atomic mass were defined so that...Ch. 42 - Prob. 92PCh. 42 - Prob. 93PCh. 42 - Prob. 94PCh. 42 - Prob. 95PCh. 42 - Prob. 96PCh. 42 - Prob. 97P
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- (a) Show that if you assume the average nucleus is spherical with a radius r=r0A1/3, and with a mass at A u, then its density is independent at A. (b) Calculate that density in u/fm3 and kg/m3, and compare your results with those found in Example 31.1 for 56Fe.arrow_forward(a) Calculate the radius of 58Ni, one of the most tightly bound stable nuclei. (b) What is the ratio of the radius of 58Ni to that at 258Ha, one of the largest nuclei ever made? Note that the radius of the largest nucleus is still much smaller than ?le size of an atom.arrow_forwardIn a Rutherford scattering experiment, an a - particle (charge = 12e) heads directly toward a gold nucleus (charge = +79e). The alpha - particle had a kinetic energy of 5.0 MeV when very far (r -> infinity`) from the nucleus. Assuming the gold nucleus to be fixed in space, determine the distance of closest approach. Hint: Use conservation of energy with PE = ke q1q2/r.arrow_forward
- Suppose the alpha particle in a Rutherford scattering experiment is replaced with a proton of the same initial kinetic energy and also headed directly toward the nucleus of the gold atom. (a) Will the distance from the center of the nucleus at which the proton stops be greater than, less than, or the same as that of the alpha particle? (b) If, instead, we switch the target to a nucleus with a larger value of Z, is the stopping distance of the alpha particle greater than, less than, or the same as with the gold target?arrow_forwardThe isotope of Nickel, 66Ni decays by β emission, has a half-life of 2.3 days. and the β particles have an average energy of 65 keV. A source consisting of this isotope has an initial number of atoms N0 = 5 x 1020 atoms. What is the power per unit area initially deposited by this source in a small target placed at 1m distance from the source?arrow_forwardIn a Rutherford scattering experiment, an ?-particle (charge = +2e) heads directly toward a silver nucleus (charge = +47e). The ?-particle had a kinetic energy of 4.6 MeV when very far (r → ∞) from the nucleus. Assuming the silver nucleus to be fixed in space, determine the distance of closest approach (in fm). Hint: Use conservation of energy with PE =(keq1q2 / r) _____fmarrow_forward
- Alpha particles of kinetic energy K are scattered either from a gold foil or a silver foil of identical thickness. What is the ratio of the number of particles scattered at angles greater than 90° by the gold foil to the same number for the silver foil?arrow_forwardIn a Geiger-Marsden experiment, calculate the distance of closest approach to the nucleus of Z = 80, when an α-particle of 8 MeV energy impinges on it before it comes momentarily to rest and reverses its direction. How will the distance of closest approach be affected when the kinetic energy of the α-particle is doubled?arrow_forwardIn a neutron-activation experiment, a flux of 108 neutrons/cm2sec is incident normally on a foil of area 1 cm?, density 1022 atoms/cm3 , and thickness 10-2 cm. The target nuclei have a total cross section for neutron capture of 1 barn (10-24 cm2), Find the number of b ( the light particle) per second ? 104 particle/sec 102 particle/sec 106 particle/sec 108 particle/sec Clear my choicearrow_forward
- ts) We can approximate the 232Th nucleus as a one-dimensional infinite square well with length L equal to the nuclear radius R = R₁A¹/3, where Ro = 1.2 fm and A is the atomic mass number. (a) What is the length of this infinite square well? What is the ground state energy of a proton (which has mass m₂ = 938.3 MeV/c²) in this infinite square well? (b) 232Th has 90 protons and 142 neutrons. Assume that all these protons and neutrons trapped in the infinite square well. How many energy levels of this infinite square well contain protons? How many energy levels contain neutrons?arrow_forwardIn an alpha particle (42He) scattering experiment, using a thin gold (19779Au) foil, the initial kinetic energy of the alpha particle is 2.0MeV.(a.) What is the potential energy of the alpha particle/gold nucleus system at closest impact?(b.) Calculate the distance of closest approach. Compare this distance with the radius of the gold nucleus.arrow_forwardWhen an alpha particle collides elastically with a nucleus, the nucleus recoils. Suppose a 5.00 MeV alpha particle has a headon elastic collision with a gold nucleus that is initially at rest.What is the kinetic energy of (a) the recoiling nucleus and (b) the rebounding alpha particle?arrow_forward
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