Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 42, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reflection of all the parameters of Fick’s law in the structure of the mammalian lungs.
Introduction:
Fick’s law of diffusion regarding the diffusion of gases was given by Adolf Fick. The law states that the rate of diffusion depends on different parameters, namely, diffusion constant (k), which depends on the gas solubility and temperature, the difference in the partial pressure of gas across the gas exchange surface (P2 − P1), available surface area for diffusion (A), and the thickness of diffusion barrier (D). The equation derived by Adolf Fick to determine the rate of diffusion of gases was
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Identify 3 physical conditions that can optimize rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane, and relate these to Fick’s Law of Diffusion. Please describe 3 ways animal respiratory systems have evolved in order to maximize the exchange of O2and CO2across their membranes.
Describe five features of mammalian respiratory surfaces that allow for a maximum possible rate of diffusion.
Define the term “exchange surface” and list four common features of gas-exchange organs in animals.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
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- EVOLUTION LINK Aquatic mammals such as whales and dolphins use lungs rather than gills for gas exchange. Propose a hypothesis to explain why.arrow_forwardHow does gas exchange differ among the following animals: earthworm, grasshopper, fish, and bird?arrow_forwardDescribe the characteristics of respiratory pigments in the bloodof vertebrates and the hemolymph of many invertebrates.arrow_forward
- Describe some structural and functional features that are commonto all gas-exchange surfaces in animals.arrow_forwardDiscuss Tidal, residual, minimal air in Gaseous Exchange in Animalsarrow_forwardThe alveoli and blood capillaries make up the gas exchange surface of the lungs, and as the arrows in the diagram (Figure 3) illustrate, this is where oxygen and carbon dioxide move in a particular direction. a) With reference to simple diffusion, explain why oxygen and carbon dioxide move in the directions illustrated by the arrows. b) The gas exchange surface is specifically adapted to maximise the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in these illustrated directions. Explain at least three of these adaptations.arrow_forward
- Explain some structural and functional features that are common to all gas-exchange surfaces in animals.arrow_forwardDescribe 2 factors that contribute to the efficiency of gas exchange in fish gills. Why are fish gills the most efficient of all respiratory organs?arrow_forwardIn the model lung demonstration, air flows into the balloons through a rigid tube that divides once. Compare the rigidity and the number of branches of the conducting structures in the model to the rigidity and number of branches of the conducting structures in the human respiratory system.arrow_forward
- Discuss those factors that infl uence the rate of diffusion across the blood-gas interface in the lung.arrow_forwardWith the help of labeled diagram, Discuss the mechanism of respiration in human beings.arrow_forwardWhat is the role of carbon dioxide in the control of rate and depth of mammalian breathing?arrow_forward
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