Concept explainers
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE
The salinity of a saltwater aquarium is being raised to a target value of
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Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
- TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.14 If light arriving from a star is twice the intensity of the light from Vega, what is the magnitude of the star? Caution: Is the relative intensity 2 of 1/2?arrow_forwardRichter Scale Exercise S-1 through S-6 use elementary properties of Richter Scale. If the Richter scale reading of one quake is t units larger than that of a second quake, how do the relative intensities of the quake compare?arrow_forwardRichter Scale Exercise S-1 through S-6 use elementary properties of Richter Scale. If the relative intensity of a quake is multiplied by 10t, how is the Richter scale reading affected?arrow_forward
- Weight Versus Height The following data show the height h, in inches, and weight w, in pounds, of an average adult male. h 61 62 66 68 70 72 74 75 w 131 133 143 149 155 162 170 175 a Make a power model for weight versus height. b According to the model from part a, what percentage increase in weight can be expected if height is increased by 10?arrow_forwardFindingpH hydrogen ion concentration of a sample of each substance is given. Calculate the pH Of the substance. (a) Lemon juice: [H+]=5.0103M (b) Tomatojuice: [H+]=3.2104M (c) seawater: [H+]=5.0109Marrow_forwardTEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING Suppose we start with 9 milligrams of pollutant per liter of water, as in the example. Assume that the cleaning process decreases the concentration of pollutant by 30 each hour. What is the pollutant concentration after each of the first 3 hours? EXAMPLE 1.9 PURIFYING WATER Water that is initially contaminated with a concentration of 9 milligrams of pollutant per liter of water is subjected to a cleaning process. The cleaning process is able to reduce the pollutant concentration by 25 each hour. Let C=C(t) denote the concentration, in milligrams per liter, of pollutant in the water r hours after the purification process begins. Part 1 What is the concentration of pollutant in the water after 3 hours? Part2 Compare the results predicted by the verbal description at the end of each of the first 3 hours with those given by the formula C=90.75t. Part 3 The formula given in part 2 is, in fact, the correct one. Use it to find the concentration of pollutant after 414 hours of cleaning.arrow_forward
- Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Yellowfin Tuna Data were collected comparing the weight W, in pounds, of a yellowfin tuna to its length L, in centimeters. These data are presented in the following table. L=Length W=Weight 70 14.3 80 21.5 90 30.8 100 42.5 110 56.8 120 74.1 130 94.7 140 119 160 179 180 256 a. What is the average rate of change, in weight per centimeter of length, in going from a length of 100 centimeters to a length of 110 centimeters? b. What is the average rate of change, in weight per centimeter of length, in going from 160 to 180 centimeters? c. Judging from the data in the table, does an extra centimeter of length make more difference in weight for a small tuna or for a large tuna? d. Use the average rate of change to estimate the weight of a yellowtuna fish that is 167 centimeters long? e. What is the average rate of change, in length per pound of weight, in going from a weight of 179 pounds to a weight of 256 pounds? f. What would you expect to be the length of a yellow tuna weighing 225 pounds?arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. The Dangers of Smoking Cigarette smoke contains any number of unhealthy substances, cyanide among them. One study modeled cyanide in the bloodstream after smoking a cigarette using C=0.1+0.3t0.6e0.17t, where C is the concentration of cyanide in the bloodstream, measured in nanograms per deciliter, and t is the time, in minutes, since smoking a cigarette. a. Make a graph of the concentration of cyanide during the first hour after smoking a cigarette. Add the line corresponding to the target level of 0.3 nanogram per deciliter. b. During which period is the concentration of cyanide 0.3 nanogram per deciliter or higher?arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Waiting at a Stop SignConsider a side road connecting to a major highway at a stop sign. According to a study by D.R. Drew, the average delay D, in seconds, for a car waiting at the stop sign to enter the highway is given by D=eqt1qtq, where q is the flow rate, or the number of cars per second passing the stop sign on the highway, and T is the critical highway that will allow for safe entry. We assume that the critical headway is T=5seconds. a.What is the average delay time if the flow rate is 500 cars per hour 0.14 car per second? b.The service rate s for a stop sign is the number of cars per second that can leave the stop sign. It is related to the delay by s=D1. Use function composition to represent the service rate as a function of flow rate. Reminder:(a/b)1=b/a. c.What flow rate will permit a stop sign service rate of 5 cars per minute 0.083 car per second?arrow_forward
- Reminder Round all answer to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Lean Body Weight in Females This is a continuation of Exercise 20. The text cited in Exercise 20 gives a more complex method of calculating lean body weight for your adult females: L=19.81+0.73W+21.2R0.88A1.39H+2.43F. Here L is lean body weight in pounds, W is weight in pounds, R is wrist diameter in inches, A is abdominal circumference in inches, H is hip circumference in inches, and F is forearm circumference in inches. Assuming the validity of the formulas given here and in Exercise 20, compare the increase in lean body weight of young adult males and of young adult females if their weight increases but all others factors remain the same. Lean Body Weight in Males Your lean body weight L is the amount you would weigh if all the fat in your body were to disappear. One text gives the following estimate of lean body weight L in pounds for young adult males: L=98.42+1.08W4.14A, Where W is total weight in pounds and A is abdominal circumference in inches. 7 a. Consider a group of young adult males who have the same abdominal circumference. If their weight increases but their abdominal circumference remains the same, how does their lean body weight change? b. Consider a group of young adult males who have the same weight. If their abdominal circumference decreases but their weight stays the same, how does their lean body weight change? c. Suppose a young adult male has a lean body weight of 144 pounds. Over a period of time, he gains 15 pounds in total weight, and his abdominal circumference increases by 2 inches. What is his lean body weight now?arrow_forwardReminder Round all answer to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Lean Body Weight in Males Your lean body weight L is the amount you would weigh if all the fat in your body were to disappear. One text gives the following estimate of lean body weight L in pounds for young adult males: L=98.42+1.08W4.14A, where W is total weight in pounds and A is abdominal circumference in inches. 7 a. Consider a group of young adult males who have the same abdominal circumference. If their weight increases but their abdominal circumference remains the same, how does their lean body weight change? b. Consider a group of young adult males who have the same weight. If their abdominal circumference decreases but their weight stays the same, how does their lean body weight change? c. Suppose a young adult male has a lean body weight of 144 pounds. Over a period of time, he gains 15 pounds in total weight, and his abdominal circumference increases by 2 inches. What is his lean body weight now?arrow_forwardReminderRound all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. DensityThe total weight of a rock depends on its size and is proportional to its density. In this context, density is the weight per cubic inch. Let w denote the weight of the rock in pounds, s the size of the rock in cubic inches, and d the density of the rock in pounds per cubic inch. a. What is the total weight of a 3-cubic-inch rock that weighs 2 pounds per cubic inch? b. Write an equation that shows the proportionality relation. What is the constant of proportionality? c. Use the equation you found in part b to find the total weight of a 14-cubic-inch rock with density 0.3 pound per cubic inch.arrow_forward
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