(a)
Interpretation: The miscibility of aniline in water needs to be explained, if in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by steam distillation process.
Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of solute in solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.
(b)
Interpretation: The approximate temperature at which aniline and water codistil in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline needs to be determined. Here, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by the steam distillation process.
Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of the solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.
(c)
Interpretation: The normal boiling point of aniline needs to be determined which is formed in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline.
Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of a solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents,on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A M
- Discuss the limitations of the Friedel craft alkalylation reaction.arrow_forwardCan you solve all the parts to this question A. Why can’t you separate (+) and (-) phenylsuccinic acid using a simple recrystallization? B. After the two enantiomers are separated, how can you check the purity of the final solid (how can you determine if it is pure (+)-phenylsuccinic acid)?arrow_forwardWhat is an azeotropic mixture? Can they be separated using simple or fractional distillation? Can you explain why for each simple and fractional distillation? Detailed explanation please!arrow_forward
- Discuss meerweim pondorff variety reduction .arrow_forward5. 1. What is the purpose of testing distilled water and laboratory ethanol in the testing of ethanol? 2. During the experiment, you recorded the vapor temperature of the samples. Does the literature B.P. of ethanol correspond to the recorded temperatures? Why or why not? 3. Based on the iodoform test, did your distillate portion contain ethanol and/or water? Explain?arrow_forwardDuring the transfer hydrogenation of dehydrozingerone to zingerone ideally the yellow color fades from the solution. Explain why this is so. Be sure to include chemical structures.arrow_forward
- Compound X was soluble in water and ether, and its aqueous solution turned litmus blue. It reacted with sodium to give a gas. The compound reacted with benzenesulfonyl chloride and base to give an insoluble product, which was unchanged with acidification. It reacted with nitrous acid to give a yellow solid. Compound A could bearrow_forwardUsing skeletal structures, draw the SN1 reaction between bromobenzene and silver nitrate ethanolic solution. Also include the reactivity of the reaction.arrow_forwardCompare the relative case of oxidation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol toward the dichromate acid based on the time required for each sample to change colorarrow_forward
- Why did you use potassium tert-butoxide as the base, as opposed to the “usual” Wittig base nbutyllithium? a) n-butyllithium is nucleophilic, and would react with the ester group in the reactant b) n-butyllithium is pyrophoric and needs to be handled under inert atmosphere.c) The phosphonium salt is “activated”, and only requires a relatively weak base to form the ylide.d) none of the above.e) all of the abovearrow_forwardLocate the three isoprene units in santonin and show how the carbon skeleton of farnesol might be coiled and then cross-linked to give santonin. Two different coiling patterns of the carbon skeleton of farnesol can lead to santonin. Try to find them both.arrow_forwardAcetanilide can be prepared via nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction of aniline and acetic anhydride. David having prepared acetanilide , recognized that his melting point was depressed because of impurities in his acetanilide sample. In order to obtain pure sample for better analysis he decided to purify by crystallization. Briefly outlined the method David should use in determining an appropriate recrystallizing solventsarrow_forward
Macroscale and Microscale Organic ExperimentsChemistryISBN:9781305577190Author:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. MastersPublisher:Brooks Cole