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Concept explainers
To determine: The nature of coordination of events in the reproductive cycle of a human female and the replicative cycle of an enveloped RNA virus.
Concept introduction:
The reproductive cycle of human females is regulated by the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and ovaries. They coordinate to cause ovulation leading to release of egg from its ovarian follicle and thickening of the endometrium for the implantation of a fertilized egg. The viral replicative cycle includes formation of structural proteins such as capsid, matrix, and coat proteins. In enveloped RNA viruses, the capsid proteins form a coat around the viral genome.
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Chapter 46 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
- VISUALIZE Label the following diagram and explain what this diagram illustrates.arrow_forward1. "One structural form used in building virus particles is based on the icosahedron. Describe, either in words or in a diagram, the organization (number of capsomers, etc.) of the simplest virus particle of this form. 2. If a virus has a negative‐sense RNA genome, what enzymatic activity (if any) will be found as part of the virion, and what will be the first step in expression of the viral genome?"arrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is only about 0.4% the size of the human genome, yet itcontains about 30% as many genes as are in the human genome. Given that, which of the features of the human genome would you expect to find many fewer of in the yeast genome?arrow_forward
- The assembly of new viral capsomeres and nucleic acid molecules take place with the help of an assembler protein true or false?arrow_forwardWhat is a plausible mechanism for viral oncoproteins? O Promote the expression of pRb phosphatases O Sequester CDK4/6 disrupting interaction with cyclin D O Sequester pRb disrupting interaction with E2F1 OPhosphorylate p53.arrow_forwardss (-) RNA viral genome RNA polymerase RNA-dependent # O dsRNA O dsDNA. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Coples (-) RNA strand transcription Copies (-) RNA strand. 80 ss (+) RNA S5 FA viral translation protein (+)RNA (viral mRNA) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Copies (+) RNA strand. What type of virus is replicating in the picture? (-)ssRNA (+)ssRNA % C wil ss (-) RNA viral genome <(C 16 & 7arrow_forward
- Antigenic shifts in influenza viruses are represented by dra-matic changes in the viral antigens. It is likely they arise fromrare events in which:(a) Two different influenza viruses infect a cell at the sametime(b) Two separate viruses undergo lysogenic conversion(c) Two viruses conjugate(d) Mutations accumulate(e) All of the abovearrow_forwardHomeotic genes ___. Select one: a. only specify the anterior-posterior axis for each fruit fly segment b. are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods c. encode transcription factors that control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures d. are responsible for the programmed cell death occuring during morphogenesis Which of the following are some of the viruses' subversive strategies in manipulating human immune system? Select one: a. down-regulation of the expression of MHC molecules b. degradation of the immune system's chemokine signals c. both a and b d. none of the abovearrow_forwardFILL-IN-THE-BLANK. Write the word or two that best completes each statement or answers the question. 38) Which of the three asexual spore formation methods fungi most closely resembles the formation of bacterial endospores? 39) When a virally infected cell continuously secretes new virions (a process alled budding), the new viral particles are likely to take some of the host cell membrane with them, and are then described as being viruses. 40) Bacterial capsules are generally in which category of virulence factor? 41) Which type of cell (Be specific please) would likely display a Toll-like receptor on its surface, because it is the #1 most active phagocytic cell? 42) Which type of cell does gamma interferon stimulate, to enhance phagocytosis? 43) Name one of the cardinal signs of inflammation triggered by activated complement proteins. 44) Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCS) include B cells, macrophages, and ? 45) Rearranging the letters in your linstructor's last name, with…arrow_forward
- What cells does HIV infect? Explain how HIV enters these cells HIV is a retrovirus. What do retroviruses do once they have entered a host cell? Why is there little to no immune response following infection by HIV? Why is it difficult to diagnose? What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? How does HIV lead to AIDS? How is HIV transmitted? There isn't a drug to cure HIV although drugs are used to keep the viral load low to prevent regression into AIDS. Explain how these drugs work.arrow_forwardGive typed full explanation of all four subparts otherwise leave itarrow_forwardPlease answer fast What is CCR5 and what is its importance to human health? Describe the variants of CCR5 and how they relate to human health. What method is used to isolate DNA from human subjects?Why is it necessary to make lots of copies of only the CCR5 gene, and how is that done? What are the potential implications of the observed genotype and phenotype frequencies for the spread of HIV?arrow_forward
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