Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48, Problem 13TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The cells of the nervous system that control the transmission of signals are called neurons. The neurons have several types of voltage-gated ions channels. Sodium and potassium are important ions that regulate the opening and closing of these channels.
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A motor neuron:
a) transmits nerve impulses to the brain.
b) is very short.
c) transmits nerve impulses out of the brain and spinal cord.
d) transmits nerve impulses to muscles only.
Use the illustration below to answer questions 7 and 8.
7. Which number represents a dendrite?
a) 1
b)2
c)3
d)4
e)5
8. What number represents the myelin sheath?
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4
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9. At rest, a neuron is:
a) Polarized
b) Depolarized
c) Green
10. Certain phenomena can be observed in a person running. What causes the runner's breathing rate to increase.
a) The cells produce more CO2.
b) The cells make more urea.
c) The cells release more energy.
d) The cells have a greater need for glucose.
The presence of an electrical gradient is responsible for both the resting membrane potential and the action potential in the neuron.a. In this case who is responsible for maintaining the electric gradient to produce a potential for the resting membrane?b. Explain what is meant by an electrical gradient in the context of a cell (neuron)!
a) How does E allow faster transmission of signals?
b) What would happen if G has a lack of Calcium?
c) Most neurons have the style of junction (chemical) shown in the diagram, rather than gap (electrical) junctions. Why does this make sense?
Chapter 48 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 48 - Prob. 1IQCh. 48 - a. What is the principal cation inside the cell?...Ch. 48 - The following diagram shows the changes in...Ch. 48 - Prob. 4IQCh. 48 - Prob. 5IQCh. 48 - Prob. 6IQCh. 48 - Prob. 7IQCh. 48 - Develop a flowchart or diagram or write a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 48 - During a neurons resting state a. there are more...Ch. 48 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 48 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 48 - After the rapid depolarization of an action...Ch. 48 - Nodes of Ranvier are a. gaps where Schwann cells...Ch. 48 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 48 - Signal transmission is faster in myelinated axons...Ch. 48 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 48 - If the binding of a neurotransmitter to its...
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- What membrane protein of the neuron is responsible for briefly increasing the Na+ permeability of the membrane during the rising phase of the nerve impulse? a. the sodium-potassium pump b. the voltage gated potassium channel c. the voltage gated sodium channel d. the stimulus gated sodium channel e. the ligand gated ion channelarrow_forwardWhere are neurotransmitter receptors located?(A) the nuclear membrane(B) the nodes of Ranvier(C) the postsynaptic membrane(D) synaptic vesicle membranesarrow_forwardMany neurotoxins have been used extensively in physiological studies of neurons. When comparing tetrodotoxin found in puffer fish and batrachotoxins from poison dart-frogs, the former had no effect on a neurons resting potential but completely stopped its action potential, whereas the later toxin immediately initiates depolarization of a neuron but prevents repolarization. Can your group hypothesize how these toxins affect the nerve transmission differently?arrow_forward
- Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin found in puffer fish. Infer the effect tetrodotoxin would have on the passing of an action potential in a neuronarrow_forwardThe difference between the channels along the axon and the channels in the axon terminal is that? a) axon channels are voltage-gated sodium channels and axon terminal channels are voltage-gated calcium channels b) there is no difference c) axon channels are voltage-gated sodium channels and axon terminal channels are ligand- gated sodium channelsarrow_forwardpredict what would happen if the calcium ion channels in the axon terminal were blocked. explain.arrow_forward
- At rest, a neuron has a lower concentration of sodium than the surrounding fluid. When a neuron sends a signal, it opens sodium channels. What happens to the sodium when the sodium channels open? A. The sodium diffuses out of the cell. B. The sodium is pumped into the cell. C. The sodium is pumped out of the cell. D. The sodium diffuses into the cell.arrow_forwardExperimenters injected bark scorpion venom into mouse neurons and measured how many action potentials were generated after the venom was introduced. Is it possible that the venom could be affecting the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel? What effect could the venom have on a voltage-gated potassium channel to produce this result?arrow_forwardshortly say what the difference between the afferent and efferent divisions of the peripheral nervous system is?arrow_forward
- Elaborate networks of neuronal processes that characterize the nervous system and how does it depend upon the outgrowth of specific axons to specific targets?arrow_forwardWRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay(100–150 words), describe how the structure and electricalproperties of vertebrate neurons reflect similarities anddifferences with other animal cells.arrow_forwardIf all the Ca2+ in the fluid surrounding a neuron were removed, how would this affect the transmission of information within and between neurons?arrow_forward
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