Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48, Problem 4TYK
What is one of the differences between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?
a. CD4+ cells are immature, and CD8+ cells are mature.
b. CD4+ cells are activated, and CD8+ cells are not.
c. CD4+ cells interact with class II MHC proteins, and CD8+ cells interact with class I MHC proteins.
d. CD4+ cells activate cell-mediated responses, and CDS+ cells activate humoral responses.
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Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.
Which statement is true about T cells?
a. They usually directly recognize antigens, which then activates a subpopulation of killer cells
b. Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2.
c. Once activated, they cannot secrete cytokines.
d. They will develop into cytotoxic T cells if antigen is complexed with class II MHC proteins.
How is the cytotoxic T cell mechanism of action similar to that of complement?
A.
Cytotoxic T cells secrete the proteins that activate complement.
В.
Cytotoxic T cells induce cell lysis with perforin, a protein similar to complement's MAC.
C.
Cytotoxic T cells activate B cells to produce antibodies.
D.
Cytotoxic T cells are antigen-presenting cells similar to the complement proteins found on B cells.
Which of the following explains why dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, contribute to the activation of naive T cells?
a. Macrophages and B cells do not express MHC class II molecules until they are activated.
b. Dendritic cells upregulate B7 after engaging innate immunity receptors at sites of infection.
c. Dendritic cells express higher levels of CTLA4.
d. Macrophages and B cells do not process antigen.
e. Dendritic cells use Toll-like receptors to hold antigen in place for extended periods of time.
Chapter 48 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 48 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 48 - 4. What is one of the differences between CD4+ and...Ch. 48 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 48 - What steps are required for most B cells to become...Ch. 48 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 48 - Propose a hypothesis to explain how self-reactive...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11PIATCh. 48 - 13. Pattern recognition receptors have been...Ch. 48 - Prob. 14PIAT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following statements about T cells is false? a. Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. b. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. c. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. d. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forwardWhy must antibody treatments like ZMapp be composed of monoclonal antibodies instead of polyclonal antibodies? a. Therapeutic antibodies must all bind the same epitope. b. Therapeutic antibodies must NOT all bind the same epitope. c. Monoclonal antibodies have much higher binding affinity than polyclonal antibodies. d. Monoclonal antibodies have much lower binding affinity than polyclonal antibodies. e. Monoclonal antibodies can be produced indefinitely; polyclonal antibodies can only be produced for a short time. IS it B? Can you please explainarrow_forwardSome individuals are immune-compromised because their bodies do not make enough T-cells. What is the difference between a T-cell and any other cell type in the body? a. T-cells have different genomes than cells of other types b. T-cells have different genes than cells of other types c. T-cells have different proteins than cells of other typesarrow_forward
- In what process is clonal selection important?a. Complement function c. Inflammationb. B cell activation d. Phagocytosisarrow_forwardWhat is the predicted outcome if a patient receives an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant from a family member, and then receives a kidney transplant several months later from the same donor? a. Acute kidney rejection because the patient’s hematopoietic system has been fully reconstituted with patient-derived alloreactive T cells and NK cells. b. Graft-versus-host disease mediated by alloreactive T cells in the transplanted kidney. c. Secondary immune response by patient-derived memory T lymphocytes that were initially activated by the hematopoietic cell transplant. d. The patient is tolerant to alloantigens on the kidney graft and does not require long-term immunosuppressive drugs.arrow_forwardSelect the correct one. In antibody-mediated immunity, what happens immediately after B cells are activated? a. the foreign antigen-MHC complex is displayed on the cell surfaces. b. activated T helper cells interact with the B cells. c. the B cells are cloned. D. antibodies combine with antigens on the pathogen surface.arrow_forward
- Which cell recognizes stressed cells in the absence of expressed MHC or antibodies? A. B lymphocyte B. dendritic cell C. natural killer (NK) cell D. macrophagearrow_forwardSuppose a person recovers normally from viral infections, but then gets the same viral infections over and over again- unlike the rest of us. A. What is probably wrong –B cells, helper T cells and/or cytotoxic T cells? B. Should this person be at a higher risk of cancer than the rest of us? C. Should this person be able to lyse bacterial cells as well as the rest of us? D. Should this person tolerate a graft (from an unreated person) better than you are me?arrow_forwardWhich innate immune system component uses MHC I molecules directly in its defense strategy? a. macrophages b. neutrophils c. NK cells d. interferonarrow_forward
- How does IL-2 affect T-cells? Select all the mechanisms in T-cells that utilize IL-2. Select one or more: a. Autocrine action of IL-2 causes proliferation of T-cells. b. IL-2 secreted by CD4 T-cells activates CD8 T-cells. c. IL-2 induces the differentiation of CD4 T-cells into the TH1 subset. d. IL-2 activates dendritic cells and signals them to relocate to the lymph node. e. IL-2 signals the T-cells to remain in the lymph node after activation.arrow_forwardThe immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of disease-causing agents. Identify the example of innate immunity. A. Infected host cells are killed by toxic proteins from cytotoxic T cells. B. Toll-like receptors bind to foreign molecule fragments to initiate immune response. C. CD4 accessory proteins on the helper T cell surface bind to class II MHC molecules. D. IgE antibodies recognize and attach to pollen grains, stimulating an allergic reaction.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding CD1 is correct? a. CD1 binding grooves are very similar to those of MHC class I molecules. b. Lipid antigens of CD1 bind with high affinity and are rarely exchanged. c. CD1 comprises three MHC class I-like heavy chains known as CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e, each belonging to a different functional group. d. CD1 molecules form heterodimers with β2-microglobulin. e. When a CD1d molecule presents sulfatide to a γ:δ T cell, all three CDR loops of both the γ and δ chains must be engaged to activate the T cell. f. CD1 genes are located in the HLA complex on chromosome 6.arrow_forward
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