Loose Leaf For Foundations Of Materials Science And Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260049169
Author: William Smith, Javad Hashemi, Prof.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4.8, Problem 9KCP
How can the grain size of a cast ingot be refined? How is grain refining accomplished industrially for aluminum alloy ingots?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Foundations Of Materials Science And Engineering
Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 1KCPCh. 4.8 - Define the homogeneous nucleation process for the...Ch. 4.8 - In the solidification of a pure metal, what are...Ch. 4.8 - In the solidification of a metal, what is the...Ch. 4.8 - During solidification, how does the degree of...Ch. 4.8 - Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous...Ch. 4.8 - Describe the grain structure of a metal ingot that...Ch. 4.8 - Distinguish between equiaxed and columnar grains...Ch. 4.8 - How can the grain size of a cast ingot be refined?...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 10KCP
Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 11KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 12KCPCh. 4.8 - Distinguish between a substitutional solid...Ch. 4.8 - What are the conditions that are favorable for...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 15KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 16KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 17KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 18KCPCh. 4.8 - Describe the structure of a grain boundary. Why...Ch. 4.8 - Describe and illustrate the following planar...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 21KCPCh. 4.8 - Describe the optical metallography technique. What...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 24KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 27KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 28KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 29KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 30KCPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 31KCPCh. 4.8 - Calculate the size (radius) of the critically...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 33AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 34AAPCh. 4.8 - Calculate the number of atoms in a critically...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 36AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 37AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 38AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 39AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 40AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 41AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 42AAPCh. 4.8 - Determine, by counting, the ASTM grain-size number...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 44AAPCh. 4.8 - For the grain structure in Problem 4.43, estimate...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 46AAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 47SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 48SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 49SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 50SEPCh. 4.8 - In Chapter 3 (Example Problem 3.11), we calculated...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 52SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 53SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 54SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 55SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 56SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 57SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 58SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 59SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 60SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 61SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 62SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 63SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 64SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 65SEPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 66SEP
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- At longer annealing times at appropriate temperatures, larger grains consume smaller ones. Summerize with justification if the statement is true or false? Schematics if drawn will be helpful {CLO-1, PLO-1} (10)arrow_forwardUnder what high temperature circumstances is a very small grain size detrimental, and under what circumstances is it advantageous?arrow_forwardQuestions: Considering that the steel contains 0.1 – 0.8 wt% carbon by weight, how can you account for the high percentage of pearlite in the microstructure? (1) Hint: See Figure 3, the enlarged picture of pearlite and consider differences in atomic weight (Fe;C), and overall composition of pearlite. 20 μη From Metals Handbook, Vol.9, 9th edition, Metallography and Micrestructures, 1985. Heproduced by permission of ASM International, Materials Park, OH. Figure 3 High magnification micrograph of pearlitearrow_forward
- The flow stress of a coarse-grained dilute copper alloy increased from 2 to 55 MPa when the dislocation density was increased from a low value of 10 cm via cold working to a modest value of 100 cm2. Calculate the flow stress for this alloy when heavy cold working introduces a dislocation density of 10¹2 cm². An equation similar to the Hall-Petch equation has been proposed for dislocations, and is: Tflow To ka Paisl where Tflow is the flow stress (i.e., the force per unit area necessary to get plastic deformation), pdisi is the dislocation density (the dislocation line length per unit volume), and To and ka are constants for a given material. The easiest way to solve this problem is to put values into this equation twice, subtract one expression from the other, and solve for ka. Then enter your value of ka into either original equation to determine To. Keep track of units, and then solve the problem stated above.arrow_forwardThe minimum yield strength for iron with an average grain size of 6x10-²mm is 135 MPa, this increases to 260 MPa when the average grain size is reduced to 8x10-³ mm. What must the average grain size be to achieve a yield strength of 205 MPa.arrow_forwardThe yield strength for an alloy that has an average grain diameter of 4.1 × 10-2 mm is 131 MPa. At a grain diameter of 7.6 × 10-3 mm, the yield strength increases to 246 MPa. At what grain diameter, in mm, will the yield strength be 236 MPa?arrow_forward
- Explain how does the reduction of the grain size increase the strength of the single-phase metals?arrow_forward(a) What is the driving force for recrystallization? And (b) What is the driving force for grain growth?arrow_forward1. Dislocation density greatly increased by recrystallization II. Recrystallization is used to refine the grain structure of cold worked material III. Mechanical properties are restored to precold-worked state Which statement is/are true for recrystallization?arrow_forward
- b) Estimate the yield stress of copper containing an array of equally spaced second phase precipitates, if the atomic radius for copper is 0.128 nm, the shear modulus G = 45 GPa, and the distance between the precipitates, through which the dislocations must pass is L = 0.1um tbL Dislocation Precipitate tbL Tarrow_forwardb- An ASTM grain size determination is being made from a photomicrograph of a metal which has a magnification of 500X. What is the ASTM grain size number of the metal if there are 64 grains per square inch?arrow_forwardThe yield strength for an alloy that has an average grain diameter of 1.6 × 10-2 mm is 320 MPa. At a grain diameter 3.9 × 10-3³ mm, the yield strength increases to 480 MPa. At what grain diameter (in mm) will the yield strength be 441 MPa? i mmarrow_forward
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