Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 49, Problem 6IQ
Action potentials are initiated more readily in synapses exhibiting long-term potentiation. Explain why it initially takes at least two signaling neurons to establish LTP in a synapse.
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The correlation between neurons can explain the basis of the synaptic modification, that is, how much they can connect to each other or if they are not synchronized, how much they can lose or weaken their connections.
• Draw a picture of an excitatory synapse such as glutamatergic with its receptors between the pre- and postsynaptic neuron.
• Briefly explain what mechanisms involve neuronal plasticity and why synapses are enhanced or weakened.
Photoreceptor cells form glutamatergic synapses onto bipolar cells and when photoreceptor cells are depolarized the release of glutamate into the synapse is increased. One class of bipolar cells, (called OFF bipolar cells) have excitatory glutamate receptors in their post-synaptic specialization. What happens to the membrane potential of OFF bipolar cells when photoreceptors are illuminated?
If a postsynaptic cell has synapses from five different cells, and three cause EPSPs and two of them cause IPSPs, give an example of a series of depolarizations and hyperpolarizations that would result in the neuron reaching threshold.
Chapter 49 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 49 - The organization of an organisms nervous system...Ch. 49 - Prob. 2IQCh. 49 - Prob. 3IQCh. 49 - Identify the structures (a-g) in the following...Ch. 49 - Prob. 5IQCh. 49 - Action potentials are initiated more readily in...Ch. 49 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 49 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 49 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 49 - Prob. 3TYK
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- When action potentials arrive at a synapse between a neuron and another cell, they stimulate the release of molecules of a ________ that diffuse over to that cell.arrow_forwardA common membrane-bound intermediary between the receptor and the effector protein within the plasma membrane is the __________________.arrow_forwardBesides the standard post- and pre-synapse that exchange information, non neuronal cell types also play a role in synaptic transmission. One of those are called astrocytes and can form a tripartite synapse. Explain the roles of astrocytes in synaptic transmission.arrow_forward
- What is long-term potentiation (LTP) and how does it occur? What changes in the cell should we expect to observe when a synapse is in a "potentiated" state?arrow_forwardRelatively high velocity (speed) action potential propagation is a feature of axons that have which of the following: a. additional mitochondria b. reduced absolute refractory period c. fewer potassium channels d. a myelin sheath Which effect listed below would characterize the drug as a serotonin agonist? a. Stimulating monoamine oxidase to reduce available serotonin b. Binding and activating a postsynaptic serotonin receptor c. Increasing the efficiency of a serotonin transporterarrow_forwardExplain why myelinated axons can propagate (spread) action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons.arrow_forward
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