To determine: The meaning of the statement “solution is hypotonic to cell”.
Introduction: Every organism present in the environment is composed of cell. The cell contains three major parts. These are “membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material”. The cell immersed in solutions changes its volume. The hypotonic solutions bring extreme changes in cell size and volume.
To determine: The meaning of the statement “solution is hypertonic to the same cell”.
Introduction: There are two types of solutions. These are hypertonic solutions and hypotonic solutions. The solution in which the cell swells is called hypotonic solution. The solution in which the cell shrinks is known as hypertonic solutions.
To determine: The factor that detects the tonicity of a solution with respect to the cell.
Introduction: The change in the cell volume when a cell is immersed in a solution is known as the tonicity of a solution. The solutions are classified into two types on the basis of tonicity.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEG ACCESS C
- Soft contact lenses are made from hydrogels, which make them soft and flexible. It is important to clean them daily using a sterile, isotonic cleaning solution. The concentration of solutes in the cleaning solution is the same as the concentration of the hydrogel in the contact lens. What would happen if instead of an isotonic cleaning solution, soft contact lenses are cleaned with water? (A) The soft contact lenses will shrink because it will remove too much water by osmosis. B The soft contact lenses will shrink because too much water is absorbed by osmosis. The soft contact lenses will swell and change shape because too much water is absorbed by osmosis. The soft contact lenses will swell and change shape because too much water is removed by osmosis.arrow_forwardA red blood cell has an internal salt concentration of ∼150 mM. The cell is placed in a beaker of 500 mM salt. Solve, (a) Assuming the cell membrane is permeable to water but not to ions, describe what will happen to the cell in terms of osmosis. (b) If the membrane were permeable to ions, in which direction would solutes diff use: into or out of the cell?arrow_forwardIn an investigation of osmosis, apple cores were submerged in different molarity solutions to determine the unknown osmolarity of the apple. To determine the molarity five uniform apple cores were massed before submerging them in different molarity solutions. After 24 hours the apple cores were massed again. Then the percent change in mass was determined for the five uniform apple cores in each molarity solution. (b) Identify the osmolarity of the apple.arrow_forward
- Some antibiotics act as carriers that bind an ion on one side of a membrane, diffuse through the membrane, and release the ion on the other side. The graph shows the conductance of a lipid-bilayer membrane with a carrier antibiotic as a function of temperature. Conductance 40 39 38 Temperature (°C) 37 36 What can you conclude about the effect of a carrier antibiotic on the conductance of the lipid-bilayer membrane? A carrier antibiotic decreases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is quite rigid. A carrier antibiotic increases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. O A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is highly fluid.arrow_forwardTwo NaCl solutions, Solution A and Solution B, are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. You observe that the movement of solvent is from Solution B to Solution A. Which solution initially had the higher salt concentration? Question 2 options: a) solution A b) solution B c) Neitherarrow_forwardAlanine is an example of an uncharged solute. In the image below, indicate whether the most favorable movement of alanine would be inwards (into the cell) or outwards (out of the cell). Briefly explain your answer. Alanine= Uncharged solutes Alanine 0.1 mM Extracellular space Alanine 2 mM cellarrow_forward
- If two solutions separated by a semi-permeable membrane are isotonic, can you conclude that they are in chemical equilibrium?arrow_forwardIn the figure below are several panels that illustrate the relative concentration of a particular solute on either side of a cell's plasma membrane. The top panel represents the INITIAL (or starting) scenario, and the lower panels represent different possible outcomes after time has passed. QUESTION: Which of the panels below represents a situation in which the concentration gradient of this solute has been minimized (reduced)? A B C Darrow_forwardThe intracellular salt content of a red blood cell is about 150 mM. The cell is put in a 500 mM salt beaker. (a) Describe what will happen to the cell in terms of osmosis if the cell membrane is permeable to water but not to ions. (b) Which direction would solutes diff use if the membrane was permeable to ions: into or out of the cell?arrow_forward
- Given the following cell type and solutions, draw the cell, showing the net direction of osmosis (water flow) and say what state the cell will be in. Choose from the following terms to describe the state of the cell: Turgid, flaccid, plasmolyzed, crenulated (shriveled), lysed (burst), normal. An animal cell with an internal osmolarity of 0.32 M (total concentration of all the solutes in solution) that is placed in a solution of 0.32 M NaCl.arrow_forwardA red blood cell with an intracellular fluid (ICF) concentration of 280 mmol/L, is placed into an environment were the concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is 305 mmol/L. As a result, water will move across the cell/plasma membrane. a) Name the process by which water moves b) Describe the overall direction of movement of the water. Answer choices: (i) From outside the cell to inside the cell (ii) From inside the cell to outside the cell, or (iii) Equally, into and out of the cell iii Explain your reasoning for your answer to part (c). 1In your answer you must describe the environment on both sides of the membrane, and use 3 of the following 4 terms correctly; hypertonic, hypotonic, lower solute concentration, higher solute concentrationn (2pts -Correct use of biological terminology, and correct spelling is essential. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph BIUA ...arrow_forwardWhat is the free energy change for the transport of calcium ions (Ca++) across a membrane from a region (left) where the concentration is 50 micromolar to a region (right) where the concentration is 50 micromolar? A membrane potential of 60 mV exists across the membrane where the right side is more negative than the left side. The temperature is 25 C.arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning