HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEG ACCESS C
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134714837
Author: Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 5, Problem 26RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The mechanism by which insulin lowers blood glucose levels.
Introduction: Insulin is a type of peptide hormone, which is produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. Insulin regulates the
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Liver cells are in contact with the blood and exchange a variety of substances with the blood plasma (the noncellular part of blood). The concentration of water is equal in the cytoplasm of liver cells and in the blood plasma. Explain this observation in terms of membrane permeability and transport mechanisms.
Animal cells typically maintain a higher concentration of Na+ outside the cell and a higher concentration of K+ inside the cell via the Na+-K+ pump. The drug ouabain inhibits the activity of the Na+-K+ pump. A nerve cell is incubated in ouabain. Predict what will happen to the concentrations of Na+ and K+ inside and outside the nerve cell as a result.
Here's one experimental approach to finding out how rapidly a membrane transporter can move its
solute into the cell: combine biochemical information about how much solute accumulates in the cell
over time with structural information about how many transporters are on the surface of the cell. You
are studying a spherical eukaryotic cell that has a diameter of 20 um and is engaged in glycolysis. Its
energy source is glucose, which it is taking up from its environment via Na/glucose symporters
distributed throughout the surface of its plasma membrane. By briefly adding an inhibitor of all
glucose breakdown, you are able to determine that glucose accumulates in the cell at the rate of
(5.000x10^1) µM/hr.
Based on this number, how many umoles of glucose must be entering the cell per hour? (Assume
that one-half of the volume of the cell is composed of organelles, and thus not available for diffusion
of glucose). Put your final answer in umol/hr.
Describe ONE modification that could happen to the phospholipids in a membrane that would increase the permeability of the membrane to small non-polar molecules such as oxygen gas. Explain why this modification would increase membrane permeability.
Chapter 5 Solutions
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEG ACCESS C
Ch. 5.1 - If the 58-kg Reference Woman has total body water...Ch. 5.1 - A mother brings her baby to the emergency room...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 6CCCh. 5.1 - Two compartments are separated by a membrane that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 8CCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 9CCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 10CCCh. 5.3 - If the distance over which a molecule must diffuse...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 12CCCh. 5.3 - Which is more likely to cross a cell membrane by...
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 14CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 15CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 16CCCh. 5.4 - Positively charged ions are called _____, and...Ch. 5.4 - Name four functions of membrane proteins.Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 19CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 20CCCh. 5.4 - If a channel is lined with amino acids that have a...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 22CCCh. 5.4 - Liver cells (hepatocytes) are able to convert...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 24CCCh. 5.5 - What would you call a carrier that moves two...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 26CCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 27CCCh. 5.5 - Name the two membrane protein families associated...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 29CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 30CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 31CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 32CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 33CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 34CCCh. 5 - Using what you learned about the naming...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Distinguish between active transport and passive...Ch. 5 - Which of the following processes are examples of...Ch. 5 - List four factors that increase the rate of...Ch. 5 - List the three physical methods by which materials...Ch. 5 - A cotransporter is a protein that moves more than...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7RQCh. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 - What determines the osmolarity of a solution? In...Ch. 5 - Prob. 11RQCh. 5 - Prob. 12RQCh. 5 - Prob. 13RQCh. 5 - Prob. 14RQCh. 5 - The membrane potential at which the electrical...Ch. 5 - Prob. 16RQCh. 5 - Create a map of transport across cell membranes...Ch. 5 - Draw a large rectangle to represent the total body...Ch. 5 - What factors influence the rate of diffusion...Ch. 5 - Define the following terms and explain how they...Ch. 5 - Prob. 21RQCh. 5 - Prob. 22RQCh. 5 - Prob. 23RQCh. 5 - Prob. 24RQCh. 5 - Prob. 25RQCh. 5 - Prob. 26RQCh. 5 - The following terms have been applied to membrane...Ch. 5 - Prob. 28RQCh. 5 - NaCl is a nonpenetrating solute and urea is a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 30RQCh. 5 - Prob. 31RQCh. 5 - What is the osmolarity of half-normal saline (=...Ch. 5 - Prob. 33RQCh. 5 - Prob. 34RQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Ouabain is a specific inhibitor of the active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and is therefore a valuable tool in studies of membrane transport mechanisms. Which of the following processes in your own body would you expect to be sensitive to inhibition by ouabain? Explain your answer in each case. a) Facilitated diffusion of glucose into a muscle cell b) Active transport of dietary phenylalanine across the intestinal mucosa c) Uptake of potassium ions by red blood cells d) Active uptake of lactose by the bacteria in your intestinearrow_forwardThe parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which causes sleeping sickness, uses proline as an energy source during one stage of its life cycle. The properties of this proline-specific transporter were investigated in a series of experiments. L-hydroxyproline inhibited the transporter. D-proline did not inhibit the transporter. Na*, K*, and pH changes did not affect the transporter. Which of the following is a reasonable hypothesis based on this data? The proline transporter is a Na+-K+ ion pump. The proline transporter cleaves amide bonds. The proline transporter is stereospecific. The proline transporter requires metal-ion catalysis. The proline transporter has an essential ionizable histidine residue,arrow_forwardWhat is another way to answer this question Describe various examples of active transport. How is active transport different from passive transport? Without saying this: Active transport is when cells move against the flow/ concentration gradient, moving from low concentrations to high concentrations. Because of this, active transport requires ATP to work. Passive transport is different because it doesn't use much energy and moves from high concentration to a low concentration. Some examples of active transport are the Sodium-potassium pump ( the most well known one) where it takes sodium ions and pumps them outside of the membrane to let in potassium ions. Another one in plants is when a plant receives ions from the soil. The soil has a much lower concentration of ions than a plants root does, so ions have to move against the concentration gradient. Endocytosis and exocytosis are also forms of active transport. Where cells engulf its self around large molecules to bring…arrow_forward
- Imagine a hypothetical cell with a higher concentration of glucose inside the cell thanoutside. Answer the following questions about this cell, assuming all transport acrossthe membrane is passive, not active.a. Can the glucose simply diffuse across the cell membrane? Why or why not?b. If there are glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, which way wouldglucose flow- into or out of the cell? Explain your answer.c. If the concentration of glucose was equal inside and outside of the cell, do you thinkthere would be a net flow of glucose across the cell membrane in one direction orthe other? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane is important for cellular functions including protein transport and information transfer. Pinpoint the specific protein and explain how it maintains the electrochemical gradient.arrow_forwardAn important aspect of cell metabolism is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane. Molecules generally move down an electrochemical gradient however in many instances the opposite is required. Explain how transporters can move molecules against their electrochemical gradient – discuss the mechanism of action of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pumps and sodium-glucose co-transporters in your answer.arrow_forward
- Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3−) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms. What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?arrow_forwardBiological membranes are selectively permeable, allowing certain molecules to cross the membrane, but not others. Classify the molecules or ions depending on how they cross a biological membrane. Note that some of these examples may also utilize active transport to traverse a membrane. However, this question is limited to passive transport processes only. Ca²+ Simple Diffusion CO₂ fatty acids glucose Answer Bank steroid hormones Facilitated Diffusionarrow_forwardthe movement of glucose across the cell membrane through facilitated diffusion is a form of passive transport becausearrow_forward
- The steroid hormones provide a physiological example. These cholesterol relatives can pass through a membrane, but what determines the direction in which they will move?arrow_forwardName the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3 −) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms.What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?arrow_forwardFacilitated diffusion and active transport are two different mechanisms that the cells use to transport molecules into and out of the cell. Compare and contrast these two types of cellular transport.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license