a.
To determine: The effect of administering 1 L of half-normal saline on a patient’s total body fluid volume.
Introduction: Body fluids in the human body are distributed in different compartments of the body. Movement of water from one part to another takes place based on the concentration gradient of solute in each of these body fluid compartments.
b.
To determine: The effect of administering 1 L of half-normal saline on a patient’s total body osmolarity.
Introduction: Normal saline contains 0.9% w/v NaCl. This concentration makes it somewhat similar to body fluids. It makes it suitable to be used as a common medication fluid. On the other hand, half-normal saline, as its name suggests, contains a half concentration of salt as compared to normal saline.
c.
To determine: The effect of administering 1 L of half-normal saline on a patient’s ECF and ICF volumes.
Introduction: Volume of different body fluids is altered in the addition of solutions from outside the body. These added solutions can have different concentration of solutes. Normal saline is a commonly used fluid for medication purpose.
d.
To determine: The effect of administering 1 L of half-normal saline on a patient’s ECF and ICF osmolarities.
Introduction: Addition of salts or solvents from outside changes the levels of fluid as well as solutes in the body in a different manner. An increase in the amount of salt or any other solute in the body decreases the osmolarity of the body; whereas, an increase in the fluid level inside the body decreases the osmolarity in the body.
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HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEG ACCESS C
- Blood plasma has an osmolarity of about Group of answer choices: 100 mOsm/L. 900 mOsm/L. 1200 mOsm/L. 300 mOsm/L. 30 mOsm/L.arrow_forwardWhat are major factors that determine blood osmolality? The osmolality of 0.9% NaCl is ___________. How is the osmolality different from the molarity? Also, predict the effect of 1 L of 600 mOsm/L infusion of sucrose on patients RBC’s osmolality and volume, if previous osmolality of RBC’s was 250 mOsm/L, plasma volume – 3.6 L and RBC’s volume – 2.4 L.arrow_forwardThe following is the major intracellular electrolyte diffusing from the ICF into the ECF across a selectively permeable cell membrane: O a. Na O b. Ca O c. P Odk O e.oarrow_forward
- Solutions conduct electricity, if there are charged particles or ions present. Our body contains ions, too. Thus, solution containing ions are called electrolytes. Why do you feel thirsty after playing or working outside? Sometimes, you suffer from cramps or headaches, in extreme cases, you may even experience vomiting and nausea. These are symptoms of electrolyte imbalance in the body. Suggest ways or recommendations that can be given to a person who experience electrolyte imbalance.arrow_forwardWater and electrolytes enclosed by cell membranes constitute the .a. transcellular fluidb. intracellular fluidc. extracellular fluidd. lympharrow_forwarda 32 year old man who weighs 70kg has a plasma osmolality of 300 mOsmol/kg . He is given 4 L of electrolyte -free water ( 5% dextrose water) intravenously . Assuming no urine excretion , how is this water expected to affect his extracellular fluid volume ? a- 2.7 L decrease . b. no change c. 1.3 L increase d. 2.7 L increase e. 4 L decreasearrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the changes between dilute (osmolarity 50mOsm/Kg) andconcentrated urine (osmolarity 1200mOsm/Kg)? a. Concentrated urine has more water than NaCl moleculesb. Concentrated urine has less water than NaCl moleculesc. Dilute urine has more NaCl than water moleculesd. Dilute urine has less water than NaCl moleculesarrow_forwardIntracellular fluids have high concentrations of ______ A. Group of answer choices B. bicarbonate C. sodium and chloride. D. sodium and phosphate. E. chloride and potassium. F. potassium and phosphate.arrow_forwardList the effects of each of the following hormones on electrolyte balance. Note that some hormones affect more than one electrolyte. a. Angiotensin-II b. Aldosterone c. Parathyroid hormone d. Vitamin D e. Atrial natriuretic peptidearrow_forward
- Mannitol is a sugar that does not pass through the walls of capillaries in the brain. It also does not cross the wall of kidney tubules, the structures that transport blood filtrate to become urine. Explain why mannitol can be considered as osmotically active. How might its clinical administration help to prevent swelling of the brain in head trauma? Also, explain the effect it might have on the water content of urine.arrow_forward1.8 Which of the following is likely to cause the kidney to change the reabsorption of water and/or NaCl? Select one: a. Drinking 1 L of water in a short period of time. (Assume that you weren't dehydrated.) b. Eating a big bag of salty potato chips. c. Forgetting to drink water all day. d. Exercising vigorously in a very hot environment. e. All of the abovearrow_forwardIn patients that suffer from diabetes insipidus, a urine sample would show which of the following? Check all that apply. Elevated protein High osmolarity High levels of glucose Blood cells * Low osmolarityarrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning