Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 5, Problem 21Q
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The cause that “anti-reverse transcriptase” agents would be effective and relatively safe to treat HIV disease.
Concept introduction:
HIV represents human immunodeficiency virus which caused a very serious disease called AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV interferes with the immune cells of the body and reduces the ability to fight infections. It kills the T- helper cells and makes the individual vulnerable to infections. Anti-HIV drugs are the drugs that prevent the reproduction of retroviruses and used to treat HIV infected persons.
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Why can protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogs be used in minimizing the replication of the HIV virus?
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 5.1 - Explain what it means when viruses are described...Ch. 5.1 - Identify better terms for viruses than alive or...Ch. 5.1 - Which statements are accurate regarding properties...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 3AYPCh. 5.2 - Describe the function and structure(s) of viral...Ch. 5.2 - Distinguish between enveloped and naked viruses.Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 5.2 - Diagram the possible nucleic acid configurations...Ch. 5.2 - Medical Moment Q. Antibiotics targeting bacteria...Ch. 5.3 - Diagram the five-step life cycle of animal...
Ch. 5.3 - Define the term cytopathic effect and provide one...Ch. 5.3 - Discuss both persistent and transforming...Ch. 5.3 - Provide thorough descriptions of both lysogenic...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2NPCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3NPCh. 5.4 - List the three principal purposes of cultivating...Ch. 5.4 - Describe three ways in which viruses are...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 4NPCh. 5.5 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2MMCh. 5.5 - Prob. 5NPCh. 5.6 - Analyze the relative importance of viruses in...Ch. 5.6 - Discuss the primary reason that antiviral drugs...Ch. 5 - ___% of human DNA is thought to consist of viral...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2QCh. 5 - Construct a scenario in which viral latency and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4QCh. 5 - If viruses that normally form envelopes were...Ch. 5 - Viruses use the host cell cytoplasmic space as...Ch. 5 - The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast the processes of latency and...Ch. 5 - Pathogenic bacteria lysogenized by phages can...Ch. 5 - When phage nucleic acid is incorporated into the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 11QCh. 5 - Prob. 12QCh. 5 - Prob. 13QCh. 5 - Prob. 14QCh. 5 - Prob. 15QCh. 5 - Prob. 16QCh. 5 - Prob. 17QCh. 5 - Construct an argument for whether humans or...Ch. 5 - Since 2000, the number of orders of viruses...Ch. 5 - Prob. 20QCh. 5 - Prob. 21QCh. 5 - Prob. 1VC
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Similar questions
- Explain several issues we have with HIV vaccine development. Why haven’t we been able to produce a successful vaccine?arrow_forwardHow does the enzyme reverse transcriptase violate the central dogma of molecular biology in HIV.arrow_forwardIf HIV was just an enveloped virus, but not a retrovirus, which of the following drugs would likely still work? NtRTI NRTI Integrase inhibitor Entry inhibitorarrow_forward
- What is the role of tRNAlys in the HIV replication cycle? thanksarrow_forwardExplain how a drug that blocks DNA recombination would affect the life cycle of HIV. Be as specific as possible.arrow_forwardConsidering that each virus must bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, explain how you would create a drug that prevents viral attachment.arrow_forward
- Please help explain this Vpr counteracts the LAPTM5 mediated degradation of HIV-1 Envarrow_forwardList three differences between the structure of HIV and the virus that causes influenza. For one of these differences, explain how the STRUCTURE is key to the FUNCTION of the virus.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the most likely explanation for an individual who lacks CCR5 as a result of a homozygous defect in the CCR5 gene becoming infected with HIV? a. The mutated CCR5 genes reverted to the normal form, rendering macrophages susceptible to macrophagetropic HIV variants. b. The macrophage-tropic HIV variant entered host cells using CD4 alone. c. The viral nucleic acid alone was taken up by cells, as in cell transformation by bacterial DNA. d. The individual had received a transplant of HIV-infected cells expressing normal CCR5. e. The primary infection involved a lymphocyte-tropic strain of HIV that used CXCR4 as its co-receptor.arrow_forward
- Explain why the authors believe that plasma cells are implicated in the infection and recovery of patients with the corona virus.arrow_forwardDrug-resistant TB can be acquired via sequential mutations in the pathogen’s genome, or via transmission of a resistant pathogen from another person. How can these events be distinguished? Why is it important to know which is more prevalent?arrow_forwarddescribe the breakthrough of HIV treatment? Who invented the cocktail therapy and what is the mechanism of action? Please include image(s) of how HIV drugs tackle HIV virusesarrow_forward
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