(a)
To determine: The reaction for the phosphorylation of glucose by the transfer of phosphate group from ATP, along with
Introduction: In a system, multiple
(b)
To determine: The reaction for the transfer of phosphate from phosphocreatine to ADP to generate creatine and ATP, and
Introduction: In a system, multiple chemical reactions can take place at same time. Each of the proceeding reactions has their own thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, free energy and others. If these reactions take place in a sequential manner and are a part of a bigger chemical process, then the total free energy for the complete system can be calculated using the free energies of the individual reactions.
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Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
- RECALL Several of the enzymes of glycolysis fall into classes that we will see often in metabolism. What reaction types are catalyzed by each of the following: (a) Kinases (b) Isomerases (c) Aldolases (d) Dehydrogenasesarrow_forwardMATHEMATICAL Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete processing of a saturated fatty acid containing 17 carbons. Consider the -oxidation steps, processing of acetyl-CoA through the citric acid cycle, and electron transport.arrow_forwardMULTIPLE CHOICE In patients with Lesch Nyhan Syndrome, purine nucleotides are overproduced and over excreted. The hypoxanthine analogue Allopurinol, which effectively treats gout , has no effect on the severe neurological symptoms of Lesch- Nyhan patients because it does not A. decrease de novo pyrimidine synthesis B. decrease de novo purine synthesis C. decrease urate synthesis D. increase PRPP levels (Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate)arrow_forward
- Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphate 2. Four moles of pyruvic acidarrow_forwardSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP Five moles of Acetyl coenzyme Aarrow_forward
- Trend observed in graph and conclusion about the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. i) include a concise description of the trend observed in the graph shown in question 3 above, and explain this trend using the language presented in this unit and your biochemical knowledge of enzymes and reactions. In your conclusion, provide a logical argument supported by molecular theory that would explain any change observed in enzyme activity.arrow_forwardSynthetic stoichiometries. What is the stoichiometry of the synthesis of... (a) ribose 5-phosphate from glucose 6- phosphate without the concomitant generation of NADPH? (b) NADPH from glucose 6-phosphate without the concomitant formation of pentose sugars?arrow_forwardEnzyme Activity and Physiological Function, The Vmax of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase from skeletal muscle is much greater than the Vmax of the same enzyme from liver tissue. (a) What is the physiological function of glycogen phosphorylase in skeletal muscle?arrow_forward
- Initial rate data for an enzyme that obeys Michaelis–Menten kinetics areshown in the following table. When the enzyme concentration is 3 nmolml-1, a Lineweaver–Burk plot of this data gives a line with a y-intercept of0.00426 (μmol-1 ml s). (a) Calculate kcat for the reaction.(b) Calculate KM for the enzyme.(c) When the reactions in part (b) are repeated in the presence of 12 μM ofan uncompetitive inhibitor, the y-intercept of the Lineweaver–Burk plotis 0.352 (μmol-1 ml s). Calculate K′I for this inhibitor.arrow_forwardMost individuals with genetic defects in oxidative phosphorylation are found to have relatively high concentrations of alanine in their blood. how this in biochemical terms? please help :)arrow_forwardInsulin-dependent diabetes is often accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia, which is an excess blood level of triacylglycerols in the form of very low density lipoproteins. Suggest a biochemical explanation.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage Learning