(a)
Segment Analysis
Business can be classified by regions, products or services, types of customers and more; each classification is treated as one segment of the business. Revenues earned from different segments individually are called segment revenue. Segment revenues are determined from the invoiced data entered into the accounting system. Segment analysis is done to analyze the contribution of different segments to the total operating performance of the company. It is done with the help of horizontal and vertical comparisons.
Vertical analysis:
Vertical analysis is the method of financial statement analysis, and it is useful for evaluating a company’s performance and financial condition. Vertical analysis is helpful for analyzing the changes in the financial statements over the time, and comparing each item on a financial statement with a total amount from the same statement.
To prepare: The vertical analysis statement of the product segment revenue.
(b)
To analyze: The product segment of N Corporation, and discuss about the diversified or concentrated within the product segment revenue.
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- Effect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations: A Global Perspective. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firms economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.24 (pages 6667) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large for the firm to disclose it. A list of the 12 companies, the country of their headquarters, and a brief description of their activities follow. A. Accor (France): Worlds largest hotel group, operating hotels under the names of Sofitel, Novotel, Motel 6, and others. Accor has grown in recent years by acquiring established hotel chains. B. Carrefour (France): Operates grocery supermarkets and hypermarkets in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. C. Deutsche Telekom (Germany): Europes largest provider of wired and wireless telecommunication services. The telecommunications industry has experienced increased deregulation in recent years. D. E.ON AG (Germany): One of the major public utility companies in Europe and the worlds largest privately owned energy service provider. E. Fortis (Netherlands): Offers insurance and banking services. Operating revenues include insurance premiums received, investment income, and interest revenue on loans. Operating expenses include amounts actually paid or amounts it expects to pay in the future on insurance coverage outstanding during the year. F. Interpublic Group (U.S.): Creates advertising copy for clients. Interpublic purchases advertising time and space from various media and sells it to clients. Operating revenues represent the commissions or fees earned for creating advertising copy and selling media time and space. Operating expenses include employee compensation. G. Marks Spencer (U.K.): Operates department stores in England and other retail stores in Europe and the United States. Offers its own credit card for customers purchases. H. Nestl (Switzerland): Worlds largest food processor, offering prepared foods, coffees, milk-based products, and mineral waters. I. Roche Holding (Switzerland): Creates, manufactures, and distributes a wide variety of prescription drugs. J. Sumitomo Metal (Japan): Manufacturer and seller of steel sheets and plates and other construction materials. K. Sun Microsystems (U.S.): Designs, manufactures, and sells workstations and servers used to maintain integrated computer networks. Sun outsources the manufacture of many of its computer components. L. Toyota Motor (Japan): Manufactures automobiles and offers financing services to its customers. REQUIRED Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.24 with the firms listed above.arrow_forwardEffect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firms economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.22 (pages 6061) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) Exhibit 1.22 also shows the ratio of cash flow from operations to capital expenditures. A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large enough for the firm to disclose it. Amounts that are not meaningful are shown as n.m. A list of the 12 companies and a brief description of their activities follow. A. Amazon.com: Operates websites to sell a wide variety of products online. The firm operated at a net loss in all years prior to that reported in Exhibit 1.22. B. Carnival Corporation: Owns and operates cruise ships. C. Cisco Systems: Manufactures and sells computer networking and communications products. D. Citigroup: Offers a wide range of financial services in the commercial banking, insurance, and securities business. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees. E. eBay: Operates an online trading platform for buyers to purchase and sellers to sell a variety of goods. The firm has grown in part by acquiring other companies to enhance or support its online trading platform. F. Goldman Sachs: Offers brokerage and investment banking services. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees. G. Johnson Johnson: Develops, manufactures, and sells pharmaceutical products, medical equipment, and branded over-the-counter consumer personal care products. H. Kelloggs: Manufactures and distributes cereal and other food products. The firm acquired other branded food companies in recent years. I. MGM Mirage: Owns and operates hotels, casinos, and golf courses. J. Molson Coors: Manufactures and distributes beer. Molson Coors has made minority ownership investments in other beer manufacturers in recent years. K. Verizon: Maintains a telecommunications network and offers telecommunications services. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees. Verizon has made minority investments in other cellular and wireless providers. L. Yum! Brands: Operates chains of name-brand restaurants, including Taco Bell, KFC, and Pizza Hut. REQUIRED Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.22 with the firms listed above.arrow_forwardEffect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firms economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.23 (pages 6263) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) Exhibit 1.23 also shows the ratio of cash flow from operations to capital expenditures. A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large for the firm to disclose it. A list of the 12 companies and a brief description of their activities follow. A. Abercrombie Fitch: Sells retail apparel primarily through stores to the fashionconscious young adult and has established itself as a trendy, popular player in the specialty retailing apparel industry. B. Allstate Insurance: Sells property and casualty insurance, primarily on buildings and automobiles. Operating revenues include insurance premiums from customers and revenues earned from investments made with cash received from customers before Allstate pays customers claims. Operating expenses include amounts actually paid or expected to be paid in the future on insurance coverage outstanding during the year. C. Best Buy: Operates a chain of retail stores selling consumer electronic and entertainment equipment at competitively low prices. D. E. I. du Pont de Nemours: Manufactures chemical and electronics products. E. Hewlett-Packard: Develops, manufactures, and sells computer hardware. The firm outsources manufacturing of many of its computer components. F. HSBC Finance: Lends money to consumers for periods ranging from several months to several years. Operating expenses include provisions for estimated uncollectible loans (bad debts expense). G. Kelly Services: Provides temporary office services to businesses and other firms. Operating revenues represent amounts billed to customers for temporary help services, and operating expenses include amounts paid to the temporary help employees of Kelly. H. McDonalds: Operates fast-food restaurants worldwide. A large percentage of McDonalds restaurants are owned and operated by franchisees. McDonalds frequently owns the restaurant buildings of franchisees and leases them to franchisees under long-term leases. I. Merck: A leading research-driven pharmaceutical products and services company. Merck discovers, develops, manufactures, and markets a broad range of products to improve human and animal health directly and through its joint ventures. J. Omnicom Group: Creates advertising copy for clients and is the largest marketing services firm in the world. Omnicom purchases advertising time and space from various media and sells it to clients. Operating revenues represent commissions and fees earned by creating advertising copy and selling media time and space. Operating expenses includes employee compensation. K. Pacific Gas Electric: Generates and sells power to customers in the western United States. L. Procter Gamble: Manufactures and markets a broad line of branded consumer products. REQUIRED Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.23 with the firms listed above.arrow_forward
- An entity and its divisions reported the following for the current year: Sales to unaffiliated customers 40,000,000 Intersegment sales of product similar to those sold to unaffiliated customers 12,000,000 Interest earned on loans to other operating segments 1,000,000 The entity and all of its divisions are engaged solely in manufacturing operations. To qualify as reportable segment, the segment revenue should at least be what amount? A. 5,300,000 B. 4,100,000 C. 5,200,000 D. 4,000,000arrow_forwardVertical analysis Amazon.com, Inc.is the largest Internet retailer in the United States. Amazon's income statements through income from operations for two recent years are as follows (in mH!ions): Amazon.com,Inc. Operating Income Statements For the Years Ended December 31 (in millions) Year 2 Year 1 Product sales $70,080 $60,903 Service sales 18,908 13,549 Total sales $88,988 $74,452 Cost of sales $62,752 $54,181 Fulfillment 10,766 8,585 Marketing 4,332 3,133 Technology and content 9,275 6,565 General and administrative 1,552 1,129 Other operating expense (income), net 133 114 Total operating expenses $88,810 $73,707 Income from operations $ 178 $ 745 1.Prepare a vertical analysis of the two operating income statements.Round percentages to one decimal pl 2.Use the vertical analysis to explain the decrease in income from operations.arrow_forwardDivisional Income Statements and Return on Investment Analysis E.F. Lynch Company is a diversified investment company with three operating divisions organized as investment centers. Condensed data taken from the records of the three divisions for the year ended June 30, 20Y8, are as follows: Mutual Fund Division Electronic Brokerage Division Investment Banking Division Fee revenue $1,500,000 1,570,000 1,530,000 Operating expenses 807,000 742000 1,158,000 Invested assets 5,500,000 4600000 3,100,000 The management of E.F. Lynch Company is evaluating each division as a basis for planning a future expansion of operations. Required: 1. Prepare condensed divisional income statements for the three divisions, assuming that there were no service department charges. E.F. Lynch Company Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended June 30, 20Y8 Mutual Fund Division Electronic Brokerage Division Investment Banking Division Fee revenue…arrow_forward
- Segment Contribution Margin Analysis The operating revenues of the three largest business segments for Time Warner, Inc., for a recent year follow. Each segment includes a number of businesses, examples of which are indicated in parentheses.arrow_forwardDivisional Income Statements and Return on Investment Analysis E.F. Lynch Company is a diversified investment company with three operating divisions organized as investment centers. Condensed data taken from the records of the three divisions for the year ended June 30, 20Y8, are as follows: Mutual Fund Division Electronic Brokerage Division Investment Banking Division Fee revenue $630,000 $650,000 $640,000 Operating expenses 340,200 308,000 484,000 Invested assets 2,300,000 1,900,000 1,300,000 The management of E.F. Lynch Company is evaluating each division as a basis for planning a future expansion of operations. Required: 1. Prepare condensed divisional income statements for the three divisions, assuming that there were no service department charges. E.F. Lynch Company Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended June 30, 20Y8 Mutual Fund Division Electronic Brokerage Division Investment Banking Division Fee revenue $fill in…arrow_forwardVertical analysis Amazon.com, Inc. is the largest Internet retailer in the United States. Amazon’s income statements through income from operations for two recent years are as follows (in millions): Amazon.com, Inc. Operating Income Statements For the Years Ended December 31 (in millions) Year 2 Year 1 Product sales $70,080 $60,903 Service sales 18,908 13,549 Total sales $88,988 $74,452 Cost of sales $62,752 $54,181 Fulfillment 10,766 8,585 Marketing 4,332 3,133 Technology and content 9,275 6,565 General and administrative 1,552 1,129 Other operating expense (income), net 133 114 Total operating expenses $88,810 $73,707 Income from operations $178 $745 Required: a. Prepare a vertical analysis of the two operating income statements. Round percentages to one decimal place.arrow_forward
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