Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The relation between given pair of compounds is to be determined.
Concept introduction: The stereogenic centers with
Enantiomer of a compound has opposite configuration at stereogenic centers. Diastereomers of a compound have at least one stereogenic centre with same configuration and at least one with opposite configuration.
(b)
Interpretation: Each compound is to be labeled as chiral or achiral.
Concept introduction: An atom containing four different atoms or groups, which produce stereoisomers on exchange of any two groups. These centers are known as stereogenic centers.
(c)
Interpretation: Among the given compounds, optically active compounds are to be determined.
Concept introduction: The phenomenon by which a chiral molecule is observed to rotate the plane polarized light in either a clockwise direction or anticlockwise direction is called as optical activity of the molecule.
(d)
Interpretation: Among the given compounds, compounds which have plane of symmetry are to be determined.
Concept introduction: An imaginary plane which bisects the molecule into halves such that these halves are mirror images of each other. This is known as plane of symmetry.
(e)
Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, boiling points is to be compared.
Concept introduction: Enantiomers are stereoisomers, which are non-superimposable images of each other. They have identical physical and chemical properties in symmetric environment. They rotate the plane-polarized light in equal amounts and in opposite directions.
Diastereomers of a compound have at least one stereogenic centre with same configuration and at least one with opposite configuration. Diastereomers of compound do not have mirror image relationship. They have different physical and chemical properties.
(g)
Interpretation: Equal mixtures of compounds C and D and compounds B and C is optically active or not is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Enantiomers are stereoisomers, which are non-superimposable images of each other. They have identical physical and chemical properties in symmetric environment. They rotate the plane-polarized light in equal amounts and in opposite directions.
Diastereomers of a compound have at least one stereogenic centre with same configuration and at least one with opposite configuration. Diastereomers of compound do not have mirror image relationship. They have different physical and chemical properties.
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ORGANIC CHEM W/CONNECT & MODEL KIT >CI
- Consider the tricyclic structure B. (a) Label each substituent on the rings as axial or equatorial. (b) Draw B using chair conformations for each sixmembered ring. (c) Label the atoms on the ring fusions (the carbons that join each set of two rings together) as cis or trans to each other.arrow_forwardHow is each compound (B–D) related to A? Choose from enantiomers, diastereomers, identical molecules, constitutional isomers, or not isomers of each other.arrow_forwardTake a look at the butane conformers below. Identify: (a)Which is an anti conformation in Newman? (b)Which is a Gauche conformation? (c)Which is the more stable Sawhorse conformer? (d)Which has the same potential energy/strain with ALS?arrow_forward
- 1) Are the molecules A and B... conformational isomers? Diastereomers? Enantiomers? Position isomers? Non-related? 2) What about the molecules B and C? 3) What about the molecules C and D?arrow_forwardAnswer the following question about compounds A–D (See in attachment) How are the compounds in each pair related? Choose fromconstitutional isomers, stereoisomers, or identical molecules: A and B; A and C; B and D.arrow_forwardDraw the two chair conformations of menthol, and identify the more stable conformation. Explain brieflyarrow_forward
- Draw the two chair conformations of menthol, and identify the more stable conformationarrow_forwardHow are each pair of compounds related (enantiomers, diastereomers, meso, same, constitutional isomers)? Relate A-B, B-D, B-C, and C-D. Label each as chiral or achiral. Which are optically active?arrow_forwardClassify each compound as identical to A or its enantiomer.arrow_forward
- Label each pair as constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, or not isomers of each.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions about compounds A–D.a.How are the compounds in each pair related? Choose from constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, or identical molecules: A and B; A and C; B and D. b.Label each compound as a cis or trans isomer. c.Draw B as a hexagon with wedges and dashed wedges to show the stereochemistry of substituents. d.Draw a stereoisomer of A as a hexagon using wedges and dashed wedges to show the orientation of substituents.arrow_forwarda) Draw the chair conformations of 1, 4 – ditertbutyl cyclohexane and all of its ring flips.b) Determine the most stable and least stable conformations. Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning