Chapter 5, Problem 61E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula for hydrogen is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula for an element is a representation of chemical formula of an element with valance electrons of the atom. The electrons are denoted by dots in the electron dot formula. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the electron dot formula for an element.

Answer to Problem 61E

The electron dot formula for hydrogen is $\text{H}\cdot$.

Explanation of Solution

The hydrogen belongs to the Group $\text{IA}/\text{1}$.

The general electronic configuration for the outermost shell of the Group $\text{IA}/\text{1}$ is $n{s}^1$.

The number of valence electrons in hydrogen is $1$.

Therefore, The electron dot formula for hydrogen is $\text{H}\cdot$.

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for hydrogen is $\text{H}\cdot$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula for boron is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula for an element is a representation of chemical formula of an element with valance electrons of the atom. The electrons are denoted by dots in the electron dot formula. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the electron dot formula for an element.

Answer to Problem 61E

The electron dot formula for boron is $\cdot \dot{\text{B}}\cdot$.

Explanation of Solution

The boron belongs to the Group $\text{IIIA}/\text{13}$.

The general electronic configuration for the outermost shell of the Group $\text{IIIA}/\text{13}$ is $n{s}^{2}n{p}^1$.

The total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an element of the Group $\text{IIIA}/\text{13}$ is $3$.

The number of valence electrons in boron is $3$.

Therefore, the electron dot formula for boron is $\cdot \dot{\text{B}}\cdot$.

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for boron is $\cdot \dot{\text{B}}\cdot$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula for nitrogen is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula for an element is a representation of chemical formula of an element with valance electrons of the atom. The electrons are denoted by dots in the electron dot formula. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the electron dot formula for an element.

Answer to Problem 61E

The electron dot formula for nitrogen is $\cdot \dot{\underset{\dot{}}{\text{N}}}\text{:}$.

Explanation of Solution

The nitrogen belongs to the Group $\text{VA}/\text{15}$.

The general electronic configuration for the outermost shell of the Group $\text{VA}/\text{15}$ is $n{s}^{2}n{p}^3$.

The total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an element of the Group $\text{VA}/\text{15}$ is $5.$

The number of valence electrons in nitrogen is $5$.

Therefore, the electron dot formula for nitrogen is $\cdot \dot{\underset{\dot{}}{\text{N}}}\text{:}$.

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for nitrogen is $\cdot \dot{\underset{\dot{}}{\text{N}}}\text{:}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula for fluorine is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula for an element is a representation of chemical formula of an element with valance electrons of the atom. The electrons are denoted by dots in the electron dot formula. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the electron dot formula for an element.

Answer to Problem 61E

The electron dot formula for fluorine is $\cdot \ddot{\underset{¨}{\text{F}}}\text{:}$.

Explanation of Solution

The fluorine belongs to the Group $\text{VIIA}/\text{17}$.

The general electronic configuration for the outermost shell of the Group $\text{VIIA}/\text{17}$ is $n{s}^{2}n{p}^5$.

The total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an element of the Group $\text{VIIA}/\text{17}$ is $7$.

The number of valence electrons in fluorine is $7$.

Therefore, the electron dot formula for fluorine is $\cdot \ddot{\underset{¨}{\text{F}}}\text{:}$.

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for fluorine is $\cdot \ddot{\underset{¨}{\text{F}}}\text{:}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula for calcium is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula for an element is a representation of chemical formula of an element with valance electrons of the atom. The electrons are denoted by dots in the electron dot formula. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the electron dot formula for an element.

Answer to Problem 61E

The electron dot formula for calcium is $\cdot \text{Ca}\cdot$.

Explanation of Solution

The calcium belongs to the Group $\text{IIA}/\text{2}$.

The general electronic configuration for the outermost shell of the Group $\text{IIA}/\text{2}$ is $n{s}^2$.

Only two electrons are present in the $s$ subshell of the Group $\text{IIA}/\text{2}$.

The number of valence electrons in calcium is $2$.

Therefore, the electron dot formula for calcium is $\cdot \text{Ca}\cdot$.

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for calcium is $\cdot \text{Ca}\cdot$.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula for silicon is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula for an element is a representation of chemical formula of an element with valance electrons of the atom. The electrons are denoted by dots in the electron dot formula. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the electron dot formula for an element.

Answer to Problem 61E

The electron dot formula for silicon is $\cdot \dot{\underset{\dot{}}{\text{S}}}\text{i}\cdot$.

Explanation of Solution

The silicon belongs to the Group $\text{IVA}/\text{14}$.

The general electronic configuration for the outermost shell of the Group $\text{IVA}/\text{14}$ is $n{s}^{2}n{p}^2$.

The total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an element of the Group $\text{IVA}/\text{14}$ is $4$.

The number of valence electrons in silicon is $4$.

Therefore, the electron dot formula for silicon is $\cdot \dot{\underset{\dot{}}{\text{S}}}\text{i}\cdot$.

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for silicon is $\cdot \dot{\underset{\dot{}}{\text{S}}}\text{i}\cdot$.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula for oxygen is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula for an element is a representation of chemical formula of an element with valance electrons of the atom. The electrons are denoted by dots in the electron dot formula. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the electron dot formula for an element.

Answer to Problem 61E

The electron dot formula for oxygen is $\cdot \ddot{\underset{¨}{\text{O}}}\cdot$.

Explanation of Solution

The oxygen belongs to the Group $\text{VIA}/\text{16}$.

The general electronic configuration for the outermost shell of the Group $\text{VIA}/\text{16}$ is $n{s}^{2}n{p}^4$.

The total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an element of the Group $\text{VA}/\text{15}$ is $6$

The number of valence electrons in oxygen is $6$.

Therefore, the electron dot formula for oxygen is $\cdot \ddot{\underset{¨}{\text{O}}}\cdot$.

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for oxygen is $\cdot \ddot{\underset{¨}{\text{O}}}\cdot$.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula for argon is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula for an element is a representation of chemical formula of an element with valance electrons of the atom. The electrons are denoted by dots in the electron dot formula. Only the valence electrons are presented as dots in the electron dot formula for an element.

Answer to Problem 61E

The electron dot formula for argon is $\ddot{\underset{¨}{\text{:A}}}\text{r:}$.

Explanation of Solution

The argon belongs to the Group $\text{VIIIA}/\text{18}$.

The general electronic configuration for the outermost shell of the Group $\text{VIIIA}/\text{18}$ is $n{s}^{2}n{p}^6$.

The total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an element of the Group $\text{VIIIA}/\text{18}$ is $8$.

The number of valence electrons in elements of argon is $8$.

Therefore, the electron dot formula for argon is $\ddot{\underset{¨}{\text{:A}}}\text{r:}$.

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for argon is $\ddot{\underset{¨}{\text{:A}}}\text{r:}$.